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This book considers the historical and cultural origins of the
gut-brain relationship now evidenced in numerous scientific
research fields. Bringing together eleven scholars with wide
interdisciplinary expertise, the volume examines literal and
metaphorical digestion in different spheres of nineteenth-century
life. Digestive health is examined in three sections in relation to
science, politics and literature during the period, focusing on
Northern America, Europe and Australia. Using diverse
methodologies, the essays demonstrate that the long nineteenth
century was an important moment in the Western understanding and
perception of the gastroenterological system and its relation to
the mind in the sense of cognition, mental wellbeing, and the
emotions. This collection explores how medical breakthroughs are
often historically preceded by intuitive models imagined throughout
a range of cultural productions.Â
This book considers the historical and cultural origins of the
gut-brain relationship now evidenced in numerous scientific
research fields. Bringing together eleven scholars with wide
interdisciplinary expertise, the volume examines literal and
metaphorical digestion in different spheres of nineteenth-century
life. Digestive health is examined in three sections in relation to
science, politics and literature during the period, focusing on
Northern America, Europe and Australia. Using diverse
methodologies, the essays demonstrate that the long nineteenth
century was an important moment in the Western understanding and
perception of the gastroenterological system and its relation to
the mind in the sense of cognition, mental wellbeing, and the
emotions. This collection explores how medical breakthroughs are
often historically preceded by intuitive models imagined throughout
a range of cultural productions.
Sexing Political Culture in the History of France gathers together
several compelling essays that nuance older studies about how
gender and sexual symbols stand in for the nation in its various
incarnations from the Early Modern period to the present. By
combining a long historical trajectory with detailed analyses of
how the state or its opponents have used symbolic meaning to
mobilize political action, clarify or criticize hierarchy, or
simply make sense of social norms, these essays demonstrate the
distinctive power of such symbolism and thus of this area of focus,
which traverses intellectual, social, cultural history as well as
the history of gender and sexuality. This is a cutting-edge
collection that moves coherently from the early modern witch hunt
to race in postcolonial France. - Carolyn J. Dean, John Hay
Professor of International Studies, Brown University.
The notion of sexual sadism emerged from nineteenth-century
alienist attempts to imagine the pleasure of the torturer or mass
killer. This was a time in which sexuality was mapped to social
progress, so that perversions were always related either to
degeneration or decadence. These ideas were internalized in later
Freudian views of the drives within the self, and of their
repression under the demands of modern European civilization.
Sadism was always presented as the barbarous past that lurked
within each of us, ready to burst forth into murderous violence,
crime, anti-Semitism, and finally genocide. This idea maintained
its currency in European thought after the Second World War as
Freudian-influenced accounts of the history of philosophy
configured the Marquis de Sade as a kind of Kantian "superego" in a
framework that viewed the Western Enlightenment as unraveled by its
own inner demons. In this way, a straight line was imagined from
the late eighteenth century to the Holocaust. These ideas have had
an ongoing legacy in debates about sexual perversion, feminism,
genocide representation, and historical memory of Nazism. However,
recent genocide research has massively debunked assumptions that
perpetrators of mass violence are especially sexually motivated in
their cruelty. This book considers how the late twentieth-century
imagination eroticized Nazism for its own ends, but also how it has
been informed by nineteenth-century formulations of the idea of
mass violence as a sexual problem.
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