These essays, written in honour of retired ECJ judge Pernilla Lindh, reflect on the development of courts and judging in the EU since the founding of the Union. In particular they focus on recent reforms and proposals aimed at further increasing public confidence and democratic accountability throughout the EU judicial system.

Competition law belongs to the traditional core of Community internal market law and continues to play an important part in EU law and the case-law of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Competition law does not form a static and hermetic domain but should, perhaps now more than ever before, be seen in a broader context and as a dynamic area of law. The topics in this book include pure competition law issues, such as who should be held accountable and responsible for competition law infringements, when is a price so high that it becomes abusive, or the object or effect test under Article 82 EC. Moreover, they include competition law issues in a broader context, such as the influence of competition law on free movement rules, the application of competition law to international maritime transport, consumer interests in the application of competition law, unfair competition law and trade marks, confidentiality issues, the interplay between administrative law and competition law, or the principle of fiscal neutrality, not forgetting State aid issues. This book draws together contributions from well-known experts in EU law and competition law in particular, being either current or former members or referendaires at one of the Community Courts. It is a tribute to Judge Virpi Tiili, who, when leaving the Court of First Instance in autumn 2009, will be remembered for her long and outstanding contribution to the Court's case-law, notably in areas such as competition law and intellectual property law.

This book explores the role of the European Union (EU) in the cooperation and regulation of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), from both an institutional and substantive perspective. It particularly focuses on the role of the Union in advancing the broader marine governance framework in the region. Questions investigated include: in what way does the Union participate in, or otherwise influence, the activities of States, international organisations and other actors involved in BSR cooperation and regulation, and what is the importance and substantive outcome of the Union's specific role in this respect? How has the membership of eight out of nine Baltic Sea coastal States in the EU affected cooperation in the region, in terms of substance as well as procedure, and what is the influence of the BSR over the EU? These questions are discussed from different perspectives by leading experts in both the fields of EU law and the law of the BSR.

This study, with its approach rooted in EU law and its clear focus on conceptual underpinnings, grapples with one of the most challenging questions facing constitutional lawyers today; namely the rule of law. Drawing on the expertise of leading scholars and judges at the forefront of the question, it takes a dual approach. It opens by setting out the foundations of the rule of law, including legal certainty, democratic principles and judicial independence. It goes on to explore the protections that can be relied upon, from policy developments, to human rights sanctions, and infringement actions. This is a rapidly developing question in EU constitutional law, so this masterful collection will be welcomed by both scholars and policy-makers in the field.

The third edition of this acclaimed book continues the story of the EU's constitutional journey. The EU's constitution, composed of myriad legal texts, case law and practice, is no less of a moving target than before and the pace of change has, if anything, increased since the publication of the second edition. In a constantly challenging geopolitical context, the EU faces unprecedented political, economic and cultural trials, all of which impact upon the evolution of its constitution. In particular, the migration crisis has given rise to the need for substantial revision of the chapter dealing with the area of freedom, security and justice, and the institutional reforms embarked upon in the quest to restore financial order have taken a more structured form following the inception of a European banking union. Fully updated to include the ramifications of Brexit, the book succeeds - where others have struggled - in making sense of the EU's complex constitutional order, focusing on its essential features but taking into account the profound changes that have taken place over the past 20 years. The EU has become much more than an internal economic market. Recently it may even be argued that the focus of action has been in areas such as immigration and third-country nationals, security and defence policy, and penal law and procedure, and the work towards creating a European banking union underlines the continued need to monitor economic and fiscal policy. Eschewing too much detail, the authors underline the essential values, principles and objectives of the integration regime as well as its basic normative structure and hierarchy. In this context, the decentralised nature of the EU is highlighted as an integral part of its constitutional make-up. Recurring themes include European citizenship, fundamental rights and the rule of law. The book also confronts head-on the problems and challenges facing the Union and the gap which is often perceived between lofty ideals and harsh realities. The book will be useful to students of EU law and European integration but will also appeal to a broader audience of researchers and practitioners, including political scientists.

The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted in the World Conference on Human Rights in June 1993, reaffirmed the indivisible and interdependent nature of all human rights. Yet the category of economic, social and cultural rights remains a subject of debate and controversy. The highly successful first edition of this book was the first comprehensive textbook on internationally recognized economic, social and cultural rights. While focusing on this category of rights, it also analysed their relationships to other human rights, civil and political rights in particular. This second edition updates and revises the fist, and supplements it with a number of new chapters. These include chapters on the domestic realisation of economic and social rights, on the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, on economic and social rights in the European Union as well as on multinational enterprises and economic, social and cultural rights. Furthermore, a number of chapters have been written by new authors such as the chapters on the right to health, on human rights and protection of the environment, on women and on international development finance institutions.

The Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) of 1992 for the first time introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union. While few new rights were attached to the concept its importance lies in its symbolic value and its potential in opening up the future development of a European citizenship. This authoritative study of European citizenship and its legal and political context illuminates the notion of a citizens' Europe. Experts examine: the political and legal nature of the European Union; the political integration process; the principle of subsidiarity; the concepts of equality and citizenship; citizenship rights including electoral and other political rights as well as social rights; the status of third-country nationals; and the remedies and means of redress available to European citizens and residents.