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This book serves as an introduction to number theory at the
undergraduate level, emphasizing geometric aspects of the subject.
The geometric approach is exploited to explore in some depth the
classical topic of quadratic forms with integer coefficients, a
central topic of the book. Quadratic forms of this type in two
variables have a very rich theory, developed mostly by Euler,
Lagrange, Legendre, and Gauss during the period 1750-1800. In this
book their approach is modernized by using the splendid
visualization tool introduced by John Conway in the 1990s called
the topograph of a quadratic form. Besides the intrinsic interest
of quadratic forms, this theory has also served as a stepping stone
for many later developments in algebra and number theory. The book
is accessible to students with a basic knowledge of linear algebra
and arithmetic modulo $n$. Some exposure to mathematical proofs
will also be helpful. The early chapters focus on examples rather
than general theorems, but theorems and their proofs play a larger
role as the book progresses.
In most major universities one of the three or four basic first-year graduate mathematics courses is algebraic topology. This introductory text is suitable for use in a course on the subject or for self-study, featuring broad coverage and a readable exposition, with many examples and exercises. The four main chapters present the basics: fundamental group and covering spaces, homology and cohomology, higher homotopy groups, and homotopy theory generally. The author emphasizes the geometric aspects of the subject, which helps students gain intuition. A unique feature is the inclusion of many optional topics not usually part of a first course due to time constraints: Bockstein and transfer homomorphisms, direct and inverse limits, H-spaces and Hopf algebras, the Brown representability theorem, the James reduced product, the Dold-Thom theorem, and Steenrod squares and powers.
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