In telling the story of the North Carolina Railroad's independent years (1849-71), Trelease covers all aspects of the company and its development, including its construction and rolling stock; its management, labor force, and labor policies; its passenger and freight operations; and its role in the Civil War. He also assesses the impact of the railroad on the economic and social development of North Carolina.
Originally published in 1991.
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First published in 1960, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York remains the only one-volume study of Indian-European relations in seventeenth-century New York. In the first half of this book, Allen W. Trelease describes the Dutch period that followed Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage and details New Netherland's dealings with the Algonquian peoples of the Hudson Valley and Long Island.

The second half of the book, addressing the English period after 1664, emphasizes the colonists' relations with the Iroquois. Still widely cited and read, this pioneering work remains an authoritative study of its subject and a valuable contribution to the historiography of both seventeenth-century colonial New York and Indian-European relations in this formative period.

Allen W. Trelease's White Terror, originally published in 1971, was the first scholarly history of the Ku Klux Klan in the South during Reconstruction. With its research rooted in primary sources, it remains among the most comprehensive treatments of the subject. In addition to the Klan, Trelease discusses other night-riding groups, including the Ghouls, the White Brotherhood, and the Knights of the White Camellia. He treats the entire South state by state, details the close link between the Klan and the Democratic party, and recounts Republican efforts to resist the Klan. Winner of the Charles S. Sydnor Award from the Southern Historical Association