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The Indian National Science Academy was established in January 1935
with the objective of promoting science in India and harnessing
scientific knowledge for the cause of humanity and national
welfare. In 1968 it was designated as the adhering organisation in
India to the International Council for Scientific Union (ICSU) on
behalf of the Government of India. Over the years, the Academy has
published a number of journals, volumes, biographical memoirs, etc.
The year 2009-2010 will be specially celebrated to mark the
Platinum Jubilee of the Academy. Many programmes are planned in
different centres in India on this occasion. In addition, the
Academy has decided to publish a number of special volumes on
different s- jects ranging from earth sciences to life sciences.
This volume is on Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.
One of the main objectives of geophysicists is to establish the
internal structure of the earth as revealed by seismic tomography.
It is also their primary goal to correlate geophy- cal data to
reveal thermal and chemical state of the crust, mantle and core of
the earth. In - der to interpret seismic velocities and associated
density and elastic properties in terms of mineralogical and
petrological models of the earth's interior, thermodynamic and hi-
pressure temperature data from mineral physics are essential. With
the advent of different types of multi-anvil and laser-heated
diamond anvil equipment, it is now possible to simulate conditions
prevalent even in the lower mantle and core of the earth.
The book summarizes the occurrence, geochemistry, mineralogy,
petrology and phase-equilibria studies in air and under high
pressures related to the most intriguing group of potassium-rich
mafic and ultramafic rocks, often including host of exotic mineral
assemblages including feldspathoids. Mantle-derived K-rich melts
had intrigued most of the founders of Geology and many of the later
experts in the field of Igneous Petrology, because they are
sometimes associated with carbonatites and even diamond. They tend
to contain anomalous concentration of many such elements as K, Rb,
Sr, U, F, P, etc., along with Ni, Co and Cr indicating a mixture of
crust and mantle materials. Although these rocks occur rarely in
ancient geologic time, they have been erupting mostly in modern
geological history (less than last 120 Ma or so). Are the old age
data real or the result of a sampling problem? Modern observations
leave no doubt that sediments must be subducted on a large scale.
There is now evidence that the upper mantle (and perhaps even the
lower mantle) is not homogeneous but rather like a fruit cake, and
that there are thermal anomalies in the mantle resulting from deep
mantle plumes or subduction. Is this related to release of these
unusual rocks clearing the mantle of left over subduction
materials? This volume, written for those interested in the
geochemistry of K-rich melts from the deep Earth, reviews the
present state of knowledge of these unique igneous rocks. The
author is an expert in the field of Igneous Petrology and the book
will serve as a valuable reference book for researchers and
academicians in the discipline.
The book summarizes the occurrence, geochemistry, mineralogy,
petrology and phase-equilibria studies in air and under high
pressures related to the most intriguing group of potassium-rich
mafic and ultramafic rocks, often including host of exotic mineral
assemblages including feldspathoids. Mantle-derived K-rich melts
had intrigued most of the founders of Geology and many of the later
experts in the field of Igneous Petrology, because they are
sometimes associated with carbonatites and even diamond. They tend
to contain anomalous concentration of many such elements as K, Rb,
Sr, U, F, P, etc., along with Ni, Co and Cr indicating a mixture of
crust and mantle materials. Although these rocks occur rarely in
ancient geologic time, they have been erupting mostly in modern
geological history (less than last 120 Ma or so). Are the old age
data real or the result of a sampling problem? Modern observations
leave no doubt that sediments must be subducted on a large scale.
There is now evidence that the upper mantle (and perhaps even the
lower mantle) is not homogeneous but rather like a fruit cake, and
that there are thermal anomalies in the mantle resulting from deep
mantle plumes or subduction. Is this related to release of these
unusual rocks clearing the mantle of left over subduction
materials? This volume, written for those interested in the
geochemistry of K-rich melts from the deep Earth, reviews the
present state of knowledge of these unique igneous rocks. The
author is an expert in the field of Igneous Petrology and the book
will serve as a valuable reference book for researchers and
academicians in the discipline.
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