In Money, Income and Time, Alvaro Cencini examines how money has been alternatively defined as a commodity and as the general equivalent of all commodities to be, subsequently, identified with the concept of numeraire, and, finally, reduced to the actual notion of credit. To better clarify the terms of the problem, the writer analyses it through the main theories of money which have been developed since the works of the classical economist. The book does not take the form of a history of economic doctrines, however, since its aim is at the same time less ambitious and more precise, that is defining the true nature of money through a critical and synthetic appraisal of its various analyses.

'Time and the Macroeconomic Analysis of Income' will undoubtedly puzzle, stimulate, infuriate, or annoy many readers. Alvaro Cencini challenges so many of the commonly held notions which are perpetuated in elementary textbooks and taken for granted in learned journals that a first reaction is bound to be that the author must be naive or ignorant - this is far from the case; the questions that Cencini raises are original and searching. His answers are even more intriguing for economists and interested readers.

Quantum Macroeconomics presents a new paradigm in macroeconomic analysis initiated by Bernard Schmitt. It explains the historical origin, the analytical contents, and the actual relevance of this new paradigm, with respect to current major economic issues at national and international level. These issues concern both advanced and emerging market economies, referring to inflation, unemployment, financial instability, and economic crises. In the first part of this volume, leading scholars explain the historical origin and analytical content of quantum macroeconomics. The second part explores its relevance with respect to the current major economic issues such as the sovereign debt crisis and European monetary union. The volume also features two previously unpublished papers by Bernard Schmitt. The main findings of this book concern the need to go beyond agents' behaviour to understand the structural origin of a variety of macroeconomic problems, notably, inflation, unemployment, financial instability, and economic crises. The originality that pervades all contributions is plain, when one considers the lack of any structural explanation of national and international economic disorders in the literature within the mainstream approach to economics. This edited volume is of great interest to those who study macroeconomics, monetary economics and money and banking.

The volume deals with the main problems faced by capitalist economies, inflation and unemployment, in a new and original way, and provides the theoretical foundations for quantum macroeconomic analysis. Its aim is to allow English-speaking economists and interested readers to have a direct access to the analysis provided by Schmitt in his 1984 book Inflation, chomage et malformations du capital. Orthodox economics has failed to provide a consistent insight of the pathologies hindering our economies, and both the academic and the economic worlds are much in need for an alternative approach capable to explain the origins of these pathologies and how they can eventually be disposed of. Schmitt's volume provides a revolutionary explanation of the cause of today's economic disorder as well as an innovative solution allowing for the passage from disorder to order. Neoclassical and Keynesian theories of any type are essentially based on equilibrium analysis and this is why none of them has ever been able to provide a consistent macroeconomic analysis based on macroeconomic foundations. This is what Schmitt's book aims for: developing a new analysis built on identities rather than conditions of equilibrium, capable to explain the objective origins of inflation and unemployment. In this volume, Schmitt introduces a new, revolutionary analysis centred on the concept of quantum time. The topics analysed by Schmitt cover the entire field of national macroeconomics, from production to capital accumulation, the leading role in this ground-breaking investigation being played by what he calls the theory of emissions. The ensuing macroeconomic theory is built on a set of laws derived from the monetary nature of our economic systems and defines the logical framework of inquiry into modern macroeconomics.

The aim of Bernard Schmitt's analysis of the monetary economy of production was twofold: to introduce and to explain the logical character of the macroeconomic laws governing our economies and to explain the origin of the pathologies that follow if these laws are not complied with. Schmitt's main original contributions concern the theories of value, profit, and capital, as well as his explanation of inflation, unemployment and international payments, unified as quantum macroeconomic analysis. This book expounds on the key principles of quantum macroeconomic analysis as he conceived and developed them. Schmitt's starting point was the analysis of bank money and the way it is associated with produced output. His macroeconomics was not founded on microeconomics nor derived from the aggregation of microeconomic variables. Schmitt's theory does not rely on mathematics and modelling either; instead, it is based on logical laws derived from the nature of money and monetary payments. Part I of this book deals with the quantum macroeconomic analysis of capitalism and its pathologies developed by Schmitt and provides the elements necessary to understand its 'structural' mechanism. Parts II and III deal with the principles of two reforms that enable the passage from capitalism to post-capitalism and from the present non-system of international payments to an orderly system. This book provides essential reading for all those interested in heterodox approaches to macroeconomics, monetary economics, banking, international economics, and the history of economic thought.

The volume deals with the main problems faced by capitalist economies, inflation and unemployment, in a new and original way, and provides the theoretical foundations for quantum macroeconomic analysis. Its aim is to allow English-speaking economists and interested readers to have a direct access to the analysis provided by Schmitt in his 1984 book Inflation, chomage et malformations du capital. Orthodox economics has failed to provide a consistent insight of the pathologies hindering our economies, and both the academic and the economic worlds are much in need for an alternative approach capable to explain the origins of these pathologies and how they can eventually be disposed of. Schmitt's volume provides a revolutionary explanation of the cause of today's economic disorder as well as an innovative solution allowing for the passage from disorder to order. Neoclassical and Keynesian theories of any type are essentially based on equilibrium analysis and this is why none of them has ever been able to provide a consistent macroeconomic analysis based on macroeconomic foundations. This is what Schmitt's book aims for: developing a new analysis built on identities rather than conditions of equilibrium, capable to explain the objective origins of inflation and unemployment. In this volume, Schmitt introduces a new, revolutionary analysis centred on the concept of quantum time. The topics analysed by Schmitt cover the entire field of national macroeconomics, from production to capital accumulation, the leading role in this ground-breaking investigation being played by what he calls the theory of emissions. The ensuing macroeconomic theory is built on a set of laws derived from the monetary nature of our economic systems and defines the logical framework of inquiry into modern macroeconomics.

Contrary to common belief, macroeconomics is not merely a theory of aggregates, and cannot be constructed from individual behaviour. Both nationally and internationally, there are economic laws that are logically independent of economic agents' behaviour. These are the macroeconomic foundations of macroeconomics.

Presenting cutting-edge material, Alvaro Cencini explores these foundations, and shows that the introduction of money entails economics being interpreted conceptually not mathematically. His innovative book provides the elements for a new approach by applying the most recent results of monetary analysis to the study of national and international economics. It covers recent progress in monetary theory, provides the reader with a greater understanding of the subject, and will be essential reading for economic students as well as a valuable resource for economists.

Contrary to common belief, macroeconomics is not merely a theory of aggregates, and cannot be constructed from individual behaviour. Both nationally and internationally, there are economic laws that are logically independent of economic agentsa (TM) behaviour. These are the macroeconomic foundations of macroeconomics.

Presenting cutting-edge material, Alvaro Cencini explores these foundations, and shows that the introduction of money entails economics being interpreted conceptually not mathematically. His innovative book provides the elements for a new approach by applying the most recent results of monetary analysis to the study of national and international economics. It covers recent progress in monetary theory, provides the reader with a greater understanding of the subject, and will be essential reading for economic students as well as a valuable resource for economists.

Contents:
Chapter One: Money, Value and Prices
The problem; Money and value; Money and relative prices; Money as a pure numerical form; Money, value and absolute prices
Chapter Two: Money and Exchange
Money and relative exchange; General equilibrium models of monetary economics; A fundamental critique to GEA; Money and absolute exchange
Chapter Three: Money, Credit and Banks
Money and credit; Money and banks; Credit and banks
Chapter Four: Money and Production
Production as a circular flow; Production as a one-way process; Production as a process of creation and exchange
Chapter Five: Money and Capital
Labour, time and capital; The neoclassical approach to capital; Income, capital and time
Chapter Six: Money, Capital and Interest
Interest, exchange and credit; Interest, income and production; Interest and fixed capital
Chapter Seven: Order Versus Disorder
The neoclassical approach to economic disorder; The classical analysis of monetary disorder and recession; Keynes' contribution revisited; Unemployment, capital accumulation and interest rates

In this text, the author argues that a new approach to the analysis of bank money is needed which is capable of providing modern analytical instruments based on the intrinsic nature of bank money. Conventionally, monetary problems are examined with reference to a monetary framework which has little to do with the real world of banking. The purpose of this book is to provide an alternative analysis to monetary economics based on the very distinctive properties of bank money. Monetary problems are investigated from a structural point of view. Of special interest is the distinction made between money and income which is rooted in the everyday practices of central and secondary banks. The book also examines exchange rate instability and financial crisis and finally, sets forward an alternative proposal for European Monetary Union.

This book provides the grounding for a new approach to monetary economics, based on the book-keeping nature of money. The main themes of macroeconomics are examined to show how we may improve our understanding through a thorough analysis of their monetary aspects. Money is the key element and its role is investigated in relation to value, prices, profits, capital and interest. Alvaro Cencini's analysis rejects the traditional, net asset definition of money, arguing that despite appearances to the contrary, money is issued by banks as a mere numerical form. It is through its association with production that it is given its positive value, purchasing power. The resulting theory elicits a new understanding of the conditions behind today's monetary disorders and prescribes new remedies to cure them once and for all.

Quantum Macroeconomics presents a new paradigm in macroeconomic analysis initiated by Bernard Schmitt. It explains the historical origin, the analytical contents, and the actual relevance of this new paradigm, with respect to current major economic issues at national and international level. These issues concern both advanced and emerging market economies, referring to inflation, unemployment, financial instability, and economic crises. In the first part of this volume, leading scholars explain the historical origin and analytical content of quantum macroeconomics. The second part explores its relevance with respect to the current major economic issues such as the sovereign debt crisis and European monetary union. The volume also features two previously unpublished papers by Bernard Schmitt. The main findings of this book concern the need to go beyond agents' behaviour to understand the structural origin of a variety of macroeconomic problems, notably, inflation, unemployment, financial instability, and economic crises. The originality that pervades all contributions is plain, when one considers the lack of any structural explanation of national and international economic disorders in the literature within the mainstream approach to economics. This edited volume is of great interest to those who study macroeconomics, monetary economics and money and banking.