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This edited collection explores the politics of crime and violence
in Latin America through both theoretical reflections as well as
several detailed case studies based on empirical, primary research.
Its overall aim is to explore common misperceptions and
simplifications which are often found in political discourses,
policy documentation, as well as some academic work. These
simplifications include a focus on gangs, narrow understandings of
organized criminal groups and the knock-on effect that such a focus
has on policy making. Instead, the chapters in this book shift the
reader's gaze to more structural explanations and analytical
approaches, moving them towards an understanding of how wider
historical, economic, cultural and even psychological issues impact
the complex relationships between crime, violence, and politics in
the region. The detailed case studies also allow for a unique
comparative analysis of problems faced throughout the region. While
significant differences exist, analysis of the case studies reveals
common issues, problems, and debates between countries (including
structural violence, militarization, and neo-liberalism). These
"golden threads" reveal not only the complexity of crime and
violence in the region but also expose the failure of the overly
simple "gangsterism" discourse found elsewhere. Finally, and
importantly, several of the chapters explore the politics of policy
making in relation to these problems, shedding light on the complex
reasons for policy failures and highlighting innovative
opportunities for change. Whilst shedding light on current problems
in the region the book also offers a range of analytical approaches
for exploring other cases where crime, violence, and politics
collide.
The recent conflict in Iraq evolved from an insurgency against the
interim U.S. led government (the Coalition Provisional Authority or
CPA) into a sectarian civil war. Violence became widespread,
especially in areas of Baghdad City such as Sadr City, Al Amiriyah,
and Al Adhamiya. However, a number of multiethnic neighborhoods in
Baghdad successfully prevented sectarian attitudes and behaviors
from taking hold. Four communities stand out in their
self-organization to prevent the escalation of violence. This book
looks at what makes these communities different from other areas
within Baghdad. In-depth interviews in Sunni-dominant,
Shia-dominant and Mixed neighborhoods generated a few key insights
about conflict-resilience, or the capacity to prevent structural
changes associated with conflict escalation. Key factors turned out
to be the organization of non-sectarian self-defense groups, place
attachment, collective efficacy, active intervention to de-escalate
tensions, and also the presence of local religious leaders who
forbid sectarian attacks. The continuity or strength of
interpersonal relationships supported by the integrated physical
structure of these neighborhoods and internal versus tribal
conflict resolution mechanisms played a role as well. This volume
examines the characteristics of the communities that have
successfully prevented the rise of violence, and how they are able
to maintain qualities of resilience to violent conflict.
The recent conflict in Iraq evolved from an insurgency against the
interim U.S. led government (the Coalition Provisional Authority or
CPA) into a sectarian civil war. Violence became widespread,
especially in areas of Baghdad City such as Sadr City, Al Amiriyah,
and Al Adhamiya. However, a number of multiethnic neighborhoods in
Baghdad successfully prevented sectarian attitudes and behaviors
from taking hold. Four communities stand out in their
self-organization to prevent the escalation of violence. This book
looks at what makes these communities different from other areas
within Baghdad. In-depth interviews in Sunni-dominant,
Shia-dominant and Mixed neighborhoods generated a few key insights
about conflict-resilience, or the capacity to prevent structural
changes associated with conflict escalation. Key factors turned out
to be the organization of non-sectarian self-defense groups, place
attachment, collective efficacy, active intervention to de-escalate
tensions, and also the presence of local religious leaders who
forbid sectarian attacks. The continuity or strength of
interpersonal relationships supported by the integrated physical
structure of these neighborhoods and internal versus tribal
conflict resolution mechanisms played a role as well. This volume
examines the characteristics of the communities that have
successfully prevented the rise of violence, and how they are able
to maintain qualities of resilience to violent conflict.
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