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Cecilia Valdes, one of the jewels of nineteenth-century Latin
American fiction, displays a thematic complexity that is unique
among the novels of its time. Cecilia, the alluring mulata, has
come to represent the survival strategies of women of color in a
racist society. The novel occupies a prominent place in
post-colonial studies about social stratification according to skin
color in plantation societies. Villaverde's novel shows the process
of modernization that resulted from the boom in the sugar industry,
and the transformation of Havana and its social dynamics. The
spaces through which the narrator leads us are the same spaces
where the story of Cecilia and the history of Havana unfold in
parallel lines. A close reading of the novel corroborates the often
reiterated perception that Cecilia -alluring, hybrid, complex and
tempestuous- is Havana, and is Cuba.
"But, unfortunately, such is Havana. It is impossible to change its
condition as a port, as a crossroad, or its cosmopolitism, its
vicious immigration, its propitiatory hiding places, its mixture of
races, its fiery sun, all that diabolical entanglement of factors
and circumstances that is here, amongst us, the board where the
shady games of love and hatred are played"(Ruben Martinez Villena,
68). Throughout 1926, the literary journal Social publishes the
detection narrative Fantoches (Puppets), a collective endeavor of
eleven writers and eleven illustrators associated with the Grupo
Minorista. Halfway between a Surrealist collective improvisation
and a British detective novel, Fantoches 1926 is a unique creation,
a confluence of intellectual currents that combine the innovations
of the European avant-grade and autochthonous socio-political
movements during the early Cuban Republic. An irreverent work
influenced by the British sensation novels and the French romans a
clef, Fantoches blurs the boundaries that separate fiction from
reality by featuring writers as characters and by incorporating
analytical essays into the plot. The inclusion of digressions about
Cuba's African heritage anticipates the mature works of writers and
artists from the thirties such as Carpentier, Guillen, Abela and
Enriquez. This edition, gleaned from the issues of Social in the
collection of the New York Public Library, reproduces the
illustrations and typographical ornamentations from the original.
Editorial changes have been kept to a minimum, modernizing the
spelling of fue, vio, dio and other monosyllabic words, and
standardizing the spelling of some names that vary among authors.
On a few occasions, unusual spellings that were interpreted as
typographical errors ("vendabal" for "vendaval"; "Brocadero" for
"Trocadero") were changed. The original subtitle "A Modern Novel by
Twelve Cuban Writers" was changed to "Eleven Cuban Writers" since
the same author, Carlos Loveira, writes the first and the last
chapters.
Acclaimed by the initiated, Felisberto Hernandez has long been
considered -a writer's writer, more admired by his colleagues than
known by the public at large- (Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria, Yale
University). As with his predecessors in the -genre of the strange-
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, Nikolai Gogol, Edgar Allan Poe and
Franz Kafka, the apparent eccentricities in Felisberto Hernandez's
stories create a coherent system of allusions and correspondences,
a system that reaches its summit in masterpieces such as -Las
Hortensias- and -La casa inundada-. As Hoffmann, who preceded him,
and Cortazar, who followed, Felisberto turned away from the
literary trends of his times and departed on his own journey,
undertaking the task of redefining the human being and replacing
the accepted notion of material reality with what he called -the
mystery-: small and deep daily realities that fall outside an ever
narrowing focus on the homogenous and utilitarian. A trained
musician and composer, Felisberto elaborated his literary
compositions as musical structures, based on the relations among
notes and phrases. Thus, Felisberto Hernandez's short stories
cannot be approached and read as isolated pieces if the reader
intends to grasp the complexity lying deep below the surface. In
this edition Ana Maria Hernandez -who bears the same name as
Felisbertos' second daughter and teaches Advanced Spanish
Composition at CUNY- analyzes the gradual development of
Felisberto's theory and praxis of composition by commenting on his
most representative short stories and emphasizing the
intertextuality of the recurring symbols and themes throughout his
literary production. This approach transforms this edition in an
exceptional basis for Creative Writing and Advanced Spanish
Composition courses, exposing students to texts that exerted a
noticeable influence upon acclaimed writers such as Julio Cortazar
-his biggest fan- Juan Carlos Onetti, and Italo Calvino, and
provoked one of the biggest critical blunders by the otherwise
sharp critic Emir Rodriguez Monegal.
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