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There are 2.4 billion people without improved sanitation and
another 2.1 billion with inadequate sanitation (i.e. wastewater
drains directly into surface waters), and despite improvements over
the past decades, the unsafe management of fecal waste and
wastewater continues to present a major risk to public health and
the environment (UN, 2016). There is growing interest in low cost
sanitation solutions which harness natural systems. However, it can
be difficult for wastewater utility managers to understand under
what conditions such nature-based solutions (NBS) might be
applicable and how best to combine traditional infrastructure, for
example an activated sludge treatment plant, with an NBS such as
treatment wetlands. There is increasing scientific evidence that
treatment systems with designs inspired by nature are highly
efficient treatment technologies. The cost-effective design and
implementation of ecosystems in wastewater treatment is something
that exists and has the potential to be further promoted globally
as both a sustainable and practical solution. This book serves as a
compilation of technical references, case examples and guidance for
applying nature-based solutions for treatment of domestic
wastewater, and enables a wide variety of stakeholders to
understand the design parameters, removal efficiencies, costs,
co-benefits for both people and nature and trade-offs for
consideration in their local context. Examples through case studies
are from across the globe and provide practical insights into the
variety of potentially applicable solutions.
Water quality standards across the world are being re-written to
promote healthier ecosystems, ensure safe potable water sources,
increased biodiversity, and enhanced ecological functions.
Treatment wetlands are used for treating a variety of pollutant
waters, including municipal wastewater, agricultural and urban
runoff, industrial effluents, and combined sewer overflows, among
others. Treatment wetlands are particularly well-suited for
sustainable water management because they can cope with variable
influent loads, can be constructed of local materials, have low
operations and maintenance requirements compared to other treatment
technologies, and they can provide additional ecosystem services.
The technology has been successfully implemented in both developed
and developing countries. The first IWA Scientific and Technical
Report (STR) on Wetland Technology was published in 2000. With the
exponential development of the technology since then, the
generation of a new STR was facilitated by the IWA Task Group on
Mainstreaming Wetland Technology. This STR was conceptualized and
written by leading experts in the field. The new report presents
the latest technology applications within an innovative planning
framework of multi-purpose wetland design. It also includes
practical design information collected from over twenty years of
experience from practitioners and academics, covering experiments
at laboratory and pilot-scale up to full-scale applications.
Scientific and Technical Report No.27
Los estandares de calidad del agua alrededor del mundo estan siendo
actualizados para garantizar ecosistemas saludables, asegurar
recursos hidricos para potabilizacion, incrementar la
biodiversidad, y mejorar las funciones ecologicas. Los humedales
para tratamiento son utilizados para depurar una variedad de aguas
residuales o contaminadas, lo que incluye, aguas residuales
municipales, escorrentia agricola y urbana, efluentes industriales,
y efluentes de los vertederos de excesos en alcantarillados
combinados, entre otros. Los humedales para tratamiento son
particularmente adecuados para la gestion sostenible del agua
porque pueden manejar cargas variables en los afluentes, pueden ser
construidos con materiales locales, tienen pocos requerimientos de
operacion y mantenimiento en comparacion a otras tecnologias, y
pueden proveer servicios ecosistemicos adicionales. La tecnologia
ha sido exitosamente implementada en paises desarrollados y en vias
de desarrollo. El primer Reporte Cientifico y Tecnologico (STR, por
sus siglas del ingles, Scientific and Technical Report) sobre la
tecnologia de humedales fue publicado en el 2000. Con el desarrollo
exponencial de la tecnologia desde entonces, la generacion de un
nuevo STR fue desarrollada por el Grupo de trabajo de la IWA sobre
la integracion de la tecnologia de humedales (IWA Task Group on
Mainstreaming Wetland Technology). Este STR fue conceptualizado y
escrito, junto con su traduccion al castellano, por expertos
lideres en la materia. Este nuevo reporte presenta las ultimas
aplicaciones de la tecnologia dentro de un marco de planificacion
innovador del diseno de humedales para multiples propositos.
Tambien, incluye informacion practica para el diseno recolectada a
partir de 20 anos de experiencias de profesionales y academicos,
que abarca experimentos a escala de laboratorio, piloto y real.
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