Book describes the basic techniques that are used in molecular biology. These techniques includes various DNA manipulation techniques, cloning and bacterial growth. This book also describes the Green Fluorescent Gene, one of the novel achievements in the field of science. The reason for writing this book is that in our graduation and post graduation we heard about various molecular biology techniques but we know very little about these techniques. And even we know the techniques we are not much aware about the principle and the protocols of the techniques. I am writing this book for the graduate and post graduate students who want to know basic molecular techniques and also their protocols so that they can use it in their laboratory doing their work. Many researchers can also get help from this book.

Every year for the past few decades during the Southern Hemisphere spring, chemicals southern polar region to be destroyed rapidly and severely. Due to depletion of Ozone UV-R reaches on the earth. Solar UV-R has been divided into UV-A(320-400nm), UV-B(290-320) and UV-C(100-290) regions. UV-B has the more energetic radiation and is more strongly absorbed by the day time to latitude, thickness of the atmosphere and the ozone layer altitude and cloud cover. UV-B radiation is harmful to living organisms and has detrimental effect on plant growth, development and physiology. Another effect of UV-B enhancement on plants includes reduction in yield and quality, alternation in species competition, decrease in photosynthetic activities, susceptibility to disease and changes in plants structure and pigmentation. Some species show sensitivity to present level of UV-B radiation while other are apparently unaffected by rather massive UV enhancements.