The North Korean nuclear issue has been one of the most significant challenges to international peace and security in the 21st century. The failure to peacefully resolve the issue could trigger regional instability or even nuclear warfare in the worst scenario. Since its first successful nuclear test in 2006, North Korea has repeatedly defied the international community regarding its nuclear program despite the effort and resources that the international community has focused on the issue. Many consider Pyongyang decision-makers irrational or simply crazy. Nonetheless, since early 2018, North Korea has drastically changed its foreign policy and actively pursued rapprochement. How to understand DPRK foreign policy, its past, and future? How will the nuclear issue develop under a possibly new paradigm of North Korean foreign policy? This book seeks to provide readers with a comprehensive analysis of North Korean foreign relations. As the existing analysis and literature on North Korean foreign relations focus primarily on China, the United States, South Korea, and Japan, but such analysis ignores the DPRK’s relations with many other states and organizations that not only interact with North Korea nevertheless also play important roles in its strategy of surviving in the international systems.

This carefully edited book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, ATAL'97, held in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, in July 1997.
The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 76 submissions. The book is divided into sections on methodologies, architectures and infrastructures, coordination planning and monitoring, formal methods, theories, and architectures and methodologies. Like its predecessors published in the Intelligent Agents series, this volume specifically focuses on the relationships between the theory and the applications of agents.

The agents approach is not just another abstract computing paradigm, but has matured during recent years into a booming research area and software engineering technology which holds great promise for the design and application of complex distributed systems.
This book presents 12 revised full chapters grouped around 3 main topics in intelligent agent systems; agent architectures, formal theories of rationality and cooperation and collaboration. Among the topics addressed are software agents, BDI architectures, social commitment, believable agents and artificial life. The book is based on the Workshop on Theoretical and Practical Foundations of Intelligent Agents held at the Fourth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Cairns, Australia, in August 1996.

Scientific Study from the year 2012 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, Indian Institute of Science, course: Molecular Biology, language: English, comment: This is a tool to separate compounds according to its hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. A gradient is given from hydrophilic to hydrophobic range of solvent moving through a solid matrix. Here are some valuable tips collected through experience and handed over so that the reader can find it useful when the chromatograms and the instruments prove so cross with you. The instrumentation and working for both the systems HPLC and FPLC are almost same. HPLC is High Performance/Pressure Liquid Chromatography and FPLC is Fast Protein Liquid Chromtography., abstract: This is a tool to separate compounds according to its hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. A gradient is given from hydrophilic to hydrophobic range of solvent moving through a solid matrix. Here are some valuable tips collected through experience and handed over so that the reader can find it useful when the chromatograms and the instruments prove so cross with you. The instrumentation and working for both the systems HPLC and FPLC are almost same. HPLC is High Performance/Pressure Liquid Chromatography and FPLC is Fast Protein Liquid Chromtography.

Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2011 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, printed single-sided, grade: A, Indian Institute of Science, course: Microbial Ecology - bioremediation of contaminated subsurface systems, language: English, comment: Using natural biofilms to degrade contaminants in subsurface systems by in depth studies in simulated Winogradsky systems, abstract: Everything is everywhere. The environment selects. Practical applications possible out of winogradsky column like using it as a universal enrichment medium for all microbes to grow as they are and also to isolate and evolve purpose based microbes for degradation studies. Nature is just a hidden Winogradsky column. Thus whatever mechanisms that underlies degradation in field is the same when simulated inside a winogradsky column. So we simulate all the constraints that face the degradation of hard substrates and the mechanisms inside this column to achieve results that can be immediately applied in field, without need of elaborate experimentation with artificial culture medium.

Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2011 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: A, Indian Institute of Science, course: Research Project - Microbe Fuel Cells, language: English, comment: Rechargable LED light from microbes (Microbe Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, Resistors and LEDs), abstract: Biogeochemical cycling through microbial succession in Winogradsky columns generates electricity. Here we use all electricals tools possible to harness this electricity and power Light Emitting Diodes for a year or more. The setup, biochemical mechanisms are analysed.

Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2011 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, course: Research Project, language: English, comment: A lot of work is being done in Biofilms, but how about growing natural biofilms in the most natural way possible?, abstract: We can harness the potential of a Winogradsky column in making a large tank with natural biofilm forming simulated conditions, including wind and waves. Over a period of time this environment provides natural biogeochemical cycles and microbial succession to take place resulting in biofilms as of those found in a water body like a lake. We can then study the biofilm forming tendencies of soil microflora in a very convenient and natural way.