After 40 years of research, scientists have confirmed that persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian brain. The obvious next question is: "Are the newly generated neurons functional?" If so, "What are the functions of these new neurons?" This volume intends to clarify both questions by providing the latest data available.

Athymic Nude Rat Brain Atlas provides the first stereotaxic brain atlas of the athymic nude rat (Crl:NIH-Foxn1rnu), a T-cell deficient mouse model frequently used for experimental studies and pre-clinical safety and efficacy studies. This 2D vector-based atlas contains coronal, sagittal and horizontal brain sections of an athymic rat brain compared to SD rats both processed in parallel, stained with cresyl violet (Nissl) and placed in 3D using Cinema 4D using "flat" skull Bregma and Lambda as anatomical landmarks for correct placement in the 3D environment. Each brain structure is illustrated as a volume, making it easy to compare the two rat strains, allow for precise targeting, and better calculate coordinates to target specific structures for toxin, virus or cell delivery using stereotaxic surgery. This atlas will serve the needs of any neuroscientist who wishes to work with these mice in experimental and pre-clinical studies. In addition, it will serve as a valuable resource for the wider research community using nude rats.

After 40 years of research, scientists have confirmed that persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian brain. The obvious next question is: "Are the newly generated neurons functional?" If so, "What are the functions of these new neurons?" This volume intends to clarify both questions by providing the latest data available.

Recent Advances in Parkinsons Disease Research, Volume 252, represents a follow-up on two previous volumes presented in the Progress in Brain Research series, Volumes 193 and 193, both published in 2010. It contains a collection of overview articles written by leading researchers in Parkinson's, discussing the most important advances made in basic, translational and clinical research. Topics of note in this new release include What can we learn from iPS cell models of PD, What can we learn from animal models of PD?, Molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in PD, Role of innate and adaptive immunity in Parkinsons disease, and much more.

Functional Neural Transplantation IV: Translation to Clinical Application, Part B, Volume 231 provides the current status of cell transplantation in the nervous system, focusing on the conditions for achieving structural repair and functional recovery. New to this edition are chapters on Plasticity and Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord After Cell Transplantation Therapy, Transplantation of GABAergic Interneurons for Cell-Based Therapy, Rebuilding CNS Inhibitory Circuits to Control Chronic Neuropathic Pain and Itch, From Transplanting Schwann Cells in Experimental Rat Spinal Cord Injury to their Transplantation into Human Injured Spinal Cord in Clinical Trials, and the Recruitment of Endogenous CNS Stem Cells for Regeneration in Demyelinating Disease. As the fourth in a periodic series of updates at 5-7 year intervals, this volume highlights recent developments in cellular and molecular science, providing the fundamental principles of neuroplasticity and regeneration in the brain and spinal cord, while also addressing the power of pluripotent stem cells to generate new sources of precisely specified neurons for utilization in brain repair.