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The concept of economic democracy is traditionally identified with
workplace democracy and participation at the enterprise level. This
is a very important dimension, but the concept of new economic
democracy also recognizes that, in a world of increasing
complexity, the principles of democratic deliberation and social
participation have to be applied to other areas as well. This book
takes a fresh look at economic democracy from various perspectives.
It provides rich historical narratives of episodes of social
participation in the economy and society, more broadly, from the
19th to the 21st century. It dissects the various analytical
underpinnings informing the theory of economic democracy connecting
it with collective choice, social contract theory, Marxian analysis
and libertarian critiques. The book identifies new areas of
application of the principles of democratic deliberation and
oversight such as the adoption of austerity policies, the signing
of free trade agreements, the conduct of central bank policies,
international investment treaties and natural resource management.
It takes a guided tour through the evolution of economic, social
and cultural rights and their impact on the design and
implementation of social policy and the welfare/ developmental
state. The book expands the notion of economic democracy from
factory level to the macro-economy and then to global economic
governance. It also discusses the critical links between political
democracy and economic democracy and the need for a more democratic
and socially equitable economy in the 21st century. This volume
will find an audience among economists, political scientists,
social activists, philosophers and sociologists.
The Evolution of Contemporary Arts Markets looks at the historical
evolution of the art market from the 15th century to the present
day. Art is both an expression of human creativity and an object of
economic value and financial refuge at times of economic
turbulence. Historically, the art market evolved with the
development of capitalism, finance and technical change, and art
schools responded to social events such as wars, revolutions and
waves of democratization. The author discusses the main features of
modern art markets such as complexity in art valuation, globalism,
segmentation, financialization, indivisibility, liquidity and
provenance issues. The book studies the impact of wealth inequality
and economic cycles and crises on the art market and features a
chapter focusing specifically on the art market in China. This
accessible publication is ideal for a broad, interdisciplinary
audience including those involved in the economic and financial
fields as well as art lovers, art market participants and social
and cultural scholars.
Economic growth in Latin America and the rise of material welfare
has lagged behind that of more dynamic areas of the world economy.
In a region prone to policy experiments, the policies of the
Washington Consensus applied since the 1990s failed to bring
sustained growth to most of Latin America. Andres Solimano and an
impressive set of contributors analyze the last 40 years in order
to determine the role of economic reforms, external conditions,
factor accumulation, income inequality, political instability and
productivity in explaining GDP increases. The book also looks at
cycles of growth, identifying periods of rapid growth and
contrasting them with periods of stagnation and collapse. Recent
empirical evidence on the world economy in the later decades of the
twentieth century shows that growth tends to be a volatile process
with little correlation over time and virtually no discernible
trend. This is particularly relevant to Latin America - a region
traditionally exposed to external shocks - in which the absence of
growth-oriented institutions, pervasive distributive conflicts and
volatile politics contribute to make sustained growth an elusive
policy goal. In separate chapters on sub-regions of Latin America
comprising countries in the Southern Cone and Brazil, the Andean
region, and Central America and Mexico, the contributors ascertain
the main determinants of output growth, highlighting the factors
that can boost growth and those that impede it. They explore the
role of shocks, policies, and deeper social and institutional
structures, as well as the impact of competitiveness, trade
regimes, fiscal policy, education and political instability on
growth performance. This comprehensive analysis will be of interest
to scholars of economic growth and development and policymakers in
Latin America in search of clues on how to promote and maintain
growth in a comparative perspective. This book will also be of
interest to multilateral organizations and ministries of
international cooperation and development in developed countries.
Entrepreneurs, technical experts, professionals, international
students, writers, and artists are among the most highly mobile
people in the global economy today. These talented elite often
originate from developing countries and migrate to industrial
economies. Many return home with new ideas, experiences, and
capital useful for national development, whilst others remain to
produce quality goods and services that are useful everywhere in
the global economy.
The economic potential of globalization is ultimately dependent on
the international mobility of highly talented individuals that
transfer knowledge, new technologies, ideas, business capacities,
and other creative capabilities. Developing countries and advanced
economies may both gain from this mobility if it is effectively and
smartly managed. This volume, with original contributions from
outstanding international experts in the subject, provides a novel
analysis of the main determinants and development impact of talent
mobility in the global economy.
The international mobility of people and elites is a main feature
of the global economy of today. Immigration augments the labor
force in receiving countries and provides many of the bodies and
minds that are essential to any vibrant economy. This book is based
on a blend of theory, varied country examples, and rich historical
material ranging from the mid-nineteenth century to the early
twenty-first century. It discusses the conceptual underpinnings of
the push and pull factors of current migration waves and their
impacts for development on the source and receiving countries. The
analysis reviews the historical context under which various
migration experiences have taken place - both in periods of
internationalism and nationalism - in order to contribute to
debates on the desirability of and tensions and costs involved in
the current process of international migration.
The contributors to this authoritative volume analyze the impact of
political crises and social conflict on economic performance in the
Andean region of Latin America. The blend of theory and case
studies is also relevant for understanding other complex societies
in the developing world and transition economies. The book provides
illuminating insights on how to understand, and survive, the
complicated interactions between volatile politics, unstable
democracies, violence, social inequality and uneven economic
performance. Recent political economy theories are combined with
valuable quantitative and qualitative information on presidential
crises, breakdowns of democracy, constitutional reforms, quality of
institutions, and social inequality and exclusion to understand
actual country realities. Part I provides the conceptual framework
and a regional perspective of the book. Part II contains five
political economy country studies - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru and Venezuela - written by leading scholars in the field and
former senior policymakers, including a former President. Together,
the chapters highlight the detrimental effects of political
instability and social conflict on economic growth and stability,
as well as the feedback effects from poor economic performance on
political instability and institutional fragility. The country
studies warn that narrow economic reforms that do not pay adequate
attention to politics, institutions and social structures are bound
to fail in bringing lasting prosperity and stability to complex
societies. Examining new and rich information on episodes of
political turmoil, military interventions, forced presidential
resignations, constitutional reforms and social uprisings, this
book will be required reading for all those interested in the
interface of politics and economic development.
Global capitalism is affected by the malaises of stagnation,
financial fragility, increased income inequality, growing wealth
concentration at the top, and a vanishing fair social contract.
This book focuses on the incidence of these phenomena in the US,
UK, Greece, Spain, Chile, South Africa, Australia, China, and other
countries. The book looks at the effects of IMF-ECB led austerity
policies in Europe. The book examines concrete country and global
conditions combining theory, country studies, historical evidence,
and international comparative analysis. The book also proposes new
policy priorities to restore stability, reduce inequality, and
consolidate democracy in 21st century capitalism.
This book examines the array of financial crises, slumps,
depressions and recessions that happened around the globe during
the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It covers events
including World War I, hyperinflation and market crashes in the
1920s, the Great Depression of the 1930s, stagflation of the 1970s,
the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, the post-socialist
transitions in Central Eastern Europe and Russia in the 1990s, and
the great financial crisis of 2008-9. In addition to providing wide
geographic and historical coverage of episodes of crisis in North
America, Europe, Latin America and Asia, the book clarifies basic
concepts in the area of recession economics, analysis of high
inflation, debt crises, political cycles and international
political economy. An understanding of these concepts is needed to
comprehend big recessions and slumps that often lead to both
political change and the reassessment of prevailing economic
paradigms.
Early in 2000, Ecuador, confronted with a serious economic and
governance crises, adopted the U.S. dollar as its national
currency. The economic situation was dire with high inflation,
government intervention in the banking system including freezing of
deposits to prevent further flight from the country, and large
fiscal deficits. Politically, then President Mahaud was being
challenged by a congressional lack of support for measures to
stabilize the economic situation, a radicalized indigenous
movement, and a restive armed forces. In this environment, and as a
policy of last resort, the government decided to adopt the U.S.
dollar as its currency. This book thoroughly examines the
conditions in which this decision was made. It looks historically
at Ecuador's economic and social structure and assesses the impact
felt as a result of the decision.
The relationship between the process of creating wealth and
distributing it has been a subject of great analytical and policy
interest to development economists for many years. Is there an
inevitable conflict, or tradeoff, between wealth creation and
wealth distribution? Can both growth and social equity increase
simultaneously? What role can public policy play to affect
growth-equity outcomes?
These questions are particularly salient both for Latin America,
where inequality levels are among the highest in the world, and for
developing countries in general. A key question is to what extent
market-oriented reform, followed with great impetus in the 1990s in
the developing and postsocialist world, is compatible with socially
accepted patterns of distribution of income, wealth, and
opportunities.
Part 1 provides the analytical-empirical perspective. Contributors
explore alternative concepts of distributive justice and social
equity and their links with macro policies, structural reform, and
human development. Part 2 is written mainly by Chilean
policymakers, who examine Chile's economic reform started in the
1970s under a military regime and continued in the 1990s by the
democratic regime. They describe the process of very rapid economic
growth matched by significant poverty reduction and persistent
wealth and income inequality.
Such a theme requires a dialogue between professional economists,
social thinkers, and policy practitioners both at the national and
international levels. This book provides that dialogue on the
issues of social equity, distributive justice, and economic
development and will be important reading for development
economists and Latin American scholars.
Andres Solimano is Director of the Country Management Unit for
Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela at the World Bank. Eduardo Ananat
is Minister of Finance of Chile. Nancy Birdsall is Chief of Policy
and Research, Population Health and Nutrition Department at the
World Bank.
This book analyzes Chile's political economy over the last 30 years
and the country's attempt to build a market society in a highly
inegalitarian society, now as a member country of the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The investigation
provides a historical background of Chilean economy and society and
discusses the cultural underpinnings of the imposition of free
markets, the macroeconomic and growth performance of the 1990s and
2000s, and the social record of privatization of education, health,
and social security. The treatment documents the growing
concentration of economic power among small groups of elites in
Chile and discusses the limits of the democratic system built after
the departure of the Pinochet regime.
The international mobility of people and elites is a main feature
of the global economy of today. Immigration augments the labor
force in receiving countries and provides many of the bodies and
minds that are essential to any vibrant economy. This book is based
on a blend of theory, varied country examples, and rich historical
material ranging from the mid-nineteenth century to the early
twenty-first century. It discusses the conceptual underpinnings of
the push and pull factors of current migration waves and their
impacts for development on the source and receiving countries. The
analysis reviews the historical context under which various
migration experiences have taken place - both in periods of
internationalism and nationalism - in order to contribute to
debates on the desirability of and tensions and costs involved in
the current process of international migration.
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