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This Element is aimed at discussing the relations between Egypt and
its African neighbours. In the first section, the history of
studies, the different kind of sources available on the issue, and
a short outline of the environmental setting is provided. In the
second section the relations between Egypt and its African
neighbours from the late Prehistory to Late Antique times are
summarized. In the third section the different kinds of
interactions are described, as well as their effects on the lives
of individuals and groups, and the related cultural dynamics, such
as selection, adoption, entanglement and identity building.
Finally, the possible future perspective of research on the issue
is outlined, both in terms of methods, strategies, themes and
specific topics, and of regions and sites whose exploration
promises to provide a crucial contribution to the study of the
relations between Egypt and Africa.
The unique site of Mersa Gawasis was a base for seaborne trade
along the Red Sea coast during the Middle Kingdom. The Egyptians'
purpose was to trade with Punt for incense and other exotic
materials. There is little evidence of any permanent structures at
the site apart from man-made caves in which shipping equipment was
stored between expeditions. The pottery is, therefore, amongst the
most significant evidence for human activity here. Vessel types
include many marl C jars, but other kinds of vessels including
significant foreign material also occur, some in large quantities.
This variety of vessels and the careful reuse of potsherds is
central to an understanding of specific and day to day domestic
activities and of how the site operated. Mersa Gawasis has many
vessel forms of the 12th and Early 13th dynasties. Epigraphic
evidence closely dates the site, helping to confirm and underpin an
understanding of vessel types and technologies within the ceramic
chronology of the period. This volume presents the site's wide
variety of ceramic material, offering also an interpretation of
what pottery reveals about activities at the site. The author and
excavation photographer have worked together to enhance details of
the text with specific photographs.
This study focuses on the origins and development of resource
exchanges between the regions bordering the Nile and the Red Sea,
in the protohistoric period (3rd and 2nd millennium BC). Andrea
Manzo looks at the geography, resources and routes of
communication, textual and archaeological evidence relating to the
exchange of objects and resources during this period. The
political, social and belligerent implications of exchanges are
considered and it is argued that exchange routes may have more to
do with politics than the ecology or geography. French text.
Eastern Sudan, like other regions far away from the Nile valley,
has often been overlooked historically on account of a kind of
prejudice towards areas lacking in monumental or urban remains or
evidence of any literary production. Despite the relevance of the
deserts and marginal areas becoming increasingly evident in the
last year or so, in Sudan only few research projects have been
conducted in these regions. The ongoing research project in Eastern
Sudan by the University 'L'Orientale' has provided a preliminary
reconstruction of the history of the region from c. 6000 BC to AD
1500. This publication outlines this reconstruction and also
considers the more general setting known for the other regions of
northeastern Africa. Several issues remain to be clarified and
understanding of some phases is still limited, nevertheless it can
be safely stated that Eastern Sudan, was in ancient times, as it is
now, a crossroads between the Nile basin, Eastern Desert, the
Ethio-Eritrean highlands and the Red Sea, represented a crucial
region in several respects: the spread of domestic crops and
animals towards the Ethio-Eritrean highlands, the spread of the
Sahelian crops towards India via the Red Sea and Arabia, as well as
the long-distance trade network characterizing northeastern Africa
in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.
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