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The End of Chiraq: A Literary Mixtape is a collection of poems, rap
lyrics, short stories, essays, interviews, and artwork about
Chicago, the city that came to be known as "Chiraq" ("Chicago"
"Iraq"), and the people who live in its vibrant and occasionally
violent neighborhoods. Tuned to the work of Chicago's youth,
especially the emerging artists and activists surrounding Young
Chicago Authors, this literary mixtape unpacks the meanings of
"Chiraq" as both a vexed term and a space of possibility. "Chiraq"
has come to connote the violence-interpersonal and structural-that
many Chicago youth regularly experience. But the contributors to
The End of Chiraq show that Chicago is much more than Chiraq.
Instead, they demonstrate how young people are thinking and
mobilizing, engaged in a process of creating a new and safer world
for themselves, their communities, and their city. In true mixtape
fashion, the book is an exercise in "low end theory" that does not
just include so-called underground and marginal voices, but
foregrounds them. Edited by award-winning poets, writers, and
teachers Javon Johnson and Kevin Coval, The End of Chiraq addresses
head-on the troublesome relationship between Chicago and Chiraq and
envisions a future in which both might be transformed.
Small quantities of added acetaldehyde have been reported to
stimulate strongly the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures
subjected to ethanol stress, with a similar, smaller effect also
reported for temperature-shifted cultures, raising the possibility
that acetaldehyde addition may be generally beneficial in combating
stresses in yeast. This book tests the generality of the
acetaldehyde effect in S. cerevisiae by examining it over a wide
range of chemical and environmental stress conditions. Two
potential practical applications of the effect are then examined in
depth: the value of acetaldehyde as a detoxificant in
lignocellulose-to-ethanol fermentations, and its ability, when fed
in regular doses, to reduce the fermentation time and prevent
sticking in high gravity industrial ethanol fermentations. Finally,
investigations are presented in support of the hypothesis of
Stanley et al. (1997) that the effect is the result of
acetaldehyde-induced modifications to the intracellular redox
balance.
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