This course-tested textbook conveys the fundamentals of magnetic fields and relativistic plasma in diffuse cosmic media, with a primary focus on phenomena that have been observed at different wavelengths. Theoretical concepts are addressed wherever necessary, with derivations presented in sufficient detail to be generally accessible. In the first few chapters the authors present an introduction to various astrophysical phenomena related to cosmic magnetism, with scales ranging from molecular clouds in star-forming regions and supernova remnants in the Milky Way, to clusters of galaxies. Later chapters address the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of the interstellar medium, galaxies and galaxy clusters. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in astronomy and physics and will serve as an entry point for those starting their first research projects in the field.

This book explores the fascinating feats of RAF’s photographic reconnaissance aircraft. During World War 2, photographic reconnaissance in the RAF started gathering intelligence on the enemy using cameras installed in PR Spitfires. The aircraft that proved this concept was the Supermarine Spitfire, which, stripped of all excess weight, and carrying cameras and additional fuel, penetrated deep into enemy territory to bring back photographs that specialist interpreters could scrutinise to determine the enemy’s activities. This fascinating book examines the evolution of the Photographic Reconnaissance Unit (PRU), from a small clandestine flight of the British Secret Intelligence Service into an operational group fulfilling the photographic requirements of clients including the RAF and the War Office. From various bases in Britain, the uniquely camouflaged blue (and, occasionally, pink) Spitfires of the PRU covered targets in occupied Europe from the Norwegian fjords to the great German industrial centres. Their superior performance made an immediate impact in North Africa and Malta as the PR Spitfires kept watch on German and Italian forces. Further afield, in India, Spitfires flew over the jungles of Burma monitoring Japanese troops. Using specially commissioned aircraft profile artwork, first-hand accounts and original photography, aviation expert Andrew Fletcher explores the fundamental role of the iconic PR Spitfire throughout the war and its various theatres.

This course-tested textbook conveys the fundamentals of magnetic fields and relativistic plasma in diffuse cosmic media, with a primary focus on phenomena that have been observed at different wavelengths. Theoretical concepts are addressed wherever necessary, with derivations presented in sufficient detail to be generally accessible. In the first few chapters the authors present an introduction to various astrophysical phenomena related to cosmic magnetism, with scales ranging from molecular clouds in star-forming regions and supernova remnants in the Milky Way, to clusters of galaxies. Later chapters address the role of magnetic fields in the evolution of the interstellar medium, galaxies and galaxy clusters. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in astronomy and physics and will serve as an entry point for those starting their first research projects in the field.

Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun (1653-1716) was one of the most acute observers of the European political order of his time, and an important forerunner of the Scottish Enlightenment. Famous in his own day and since for his patriotic opposition to the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707, Fletcher was an admirer of the ancients and a student of Machiavelli, who would adapt Machiavelli's strictly political concepts of a world increasingly shaped by commerce. His works address the fate of small nations dominated by larger, the advantages and disadvantages of great capital cities, and the prospects for new forms of political union which would be to the benefit of all of Europe's regions. This book is the first complete modern edition of Fletcher's works. The editor's introduction draws on research into Fletcher's life and thought, and the annotated text enables readers to appreciate the range and sharpness of Fletcher's analysis.

Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun (1653-1716) was one of the most acute observers of the European political order of his time, and an important forerunner of the Scottish Enlightenment. Famous in his own day and since for his patriotic opposition to the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707, Fletcher was an admirer of the ancients and a student of Machiavelli, who would adapt Machiavelli's strictly political concepts of a world increasingly shaped by commerce. His works address the fate of small nations dominated by larger, the advantages and disadvantages of great capital cities, and the prospects for new forms of political union which would be to the benefit of all of Europe's regions. This book is the first complete modern edition of Fletcher's works. The editor's introduction draws on research into Fletcher's life and thought, and the annotated text enables readers to appreciate the range and sharpness of Fletcher's analysis.

Science & Scientists in Berlin is a richly illustrated guidebook providing informative biographies of 22 major scientists and 11 mathematicians linked to the metropolis, from polymath Gottfried W. Leibniz (b. 1646) to computer inventor Konrad Zuse (d. 1995). As well as renowned figures like Albert Einstein, the book includes scientists who deserve to be better known, such as flight pioneer Otto Lilienthal. Their world-changing achievements are described in a lively and accessible style.   Follow in the footsteps of the protagonists using the comprehensive gazetteer and 18 colour maps which guide you to almost 200 sites associated with their lives: such as plaques, monuments, laboratories, museums, residences & graves.   Anyone who is interested in both science and Berlin’s history, and who wants to learn about the people who created this unique past and experience the places where it comes alive, needs a guidebook like this…