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The interaction between military and civilian courts, the political
power that legal prerogatives can provide to the armed forces, and
the difficult process civilian politicians face in reforming
military justice remain glaringly under-examined, despite their
implications for the quality and survival of democracy. This book
breaks new ground by providing a theoretically rich, global
examination of the operation and reform of military courts in
democratic countries. Drawing on a newly created dataset of 120
countries over more than two centuries, it presents the first
comprehensive picture of the evolution of military justice across
states and over time. Combined with qualitative historical case
studies of Colombia, Portugal, Indonesia, Fiji, Brazil, Pakistan,
and the United States, the book presents a new framework for
understanding how civilian actors are able to gain or lose legal
control of the armed forces. The book's findings have important
lessons for scholars and policymakers working in the fields of
democracy, civil-military relations, human rights, and the rule of
law.
The interaction between military and civilian courts, the political
power that legal prerogatives can provide to the armed forces, and
the difficult process civilian politicians face in reforming
military justice remain glaringly under-examined, despite their
implications for the quality and survival of democracy. This book
breaks new ground by providing a theoretically rich, global
examination of the operation and reform of military courts in
democratic countries. Drawing on a newly created dataset of 120
countries over more than two centuries, it presents the first
comprehensive picture of the evolution of military justice across
states and over time. Combined with qualitative historical case
studies of Colombia, Portugal, Indonesia, Fiji, Brazil, Pakistan,
and the United States, the book presents a new framework for
understanding how civilian actors are able to gain or lose legal
control of the armed forces. The book's findings have important
lessons for scholars and policymakers working in the fields of
democracy, civil-military relations, human rights, and the rule of
law.
This book presents post-peace agreement violence as a serious, yet
predictable and manageable, political phenomenon. Negotiating an
end to a civil war is extremely difficult, and many signed peace
agreements subsequently unravel, ushering in renewed conflict. In
response, important international actors have become increasingly
involved in conflict mediation, peacekeeping, and post-conflict
reconstruction around the globe. Policymakers and scholars alike
have identified spoilers-violent actors who often rise up and
attempt to challenge or derail the peace process-as one of the
greatest threats to peace. Using a mixed-method approach combining
quantitative and qualitative analyses of a newly created, global
dataset of spoiling, Reiter demonstrates that this type of violence
occurs in predictable circumstances and only represents a threat to
peace under specific conditions. The book also shows that spoiling
often serves to bring agreement flaws and implementation failures
to light and in turn forces actors to recommit to an accord,
thereby strengthening peace in the long term.
This book presents post-peace agreement violence as a serious, yet
predictable and manageable, political phenomenon. Negotiating an
end to a civil war is extremely difficult, and many signed peace
agreements subsequently unravel, ushering in renewed conflict. In
response, important international actors have become increasingly
involved in conflict mediation, peacekeeping, and post-conflict
reconstruction around the globe. Policymakers and scholars alike
have identified spoilers-violent actors who often rise up and
attempt to challenge or derail the peace process-as one of the
greatest threats to peace. Using a mixed-method approach combining
quantitative and qualitative analyses of a newly created, global
dataset of spoiling, Reiter demonstrates that this type of violence
occurs in predictable circumstances and only represents a threat to
peace under specific conditions. The book also shows that spoiling
often serves to bring agreement flaws and implementation failures
to light and in turn forces actors to recommit to an accord,
thereby strengthening peace in the long term.
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