Creativity in secondary English lessons today is a democratically conceived quality that all pupils are expected to achieve and a resource on which all are entitled to draw. But what exactly is creativity? And how does it relate to English? Creativity and Learning in Secondary English answers these questions, and others, by arguing for a version of creativity that sees it as an ordinary, everyday part of successful classroom practice, central to processes of meaning-making, dialogic interaction and textual engagement. In this construction, creativity is not just linked to learning; it is the driving force behind learning itself, offering pupils the opportunity to transform their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.

This book borrows from a range of theories about creativity and about learning, while remaining largely practical in focus. It contains numerous examples for teachers of how to apply ideas about creativity in the classroom. In doing so, it attempts to maintain the subject 's core identity while also keeping abreast of contemporary social, pedagogical and technological developments. The result is a refreshing challenge to some of the more mundane approaches to English teaching on offer in an age focussed excessively on standardisation and teaching to tests.

Practical applications of creativity include:

• Using picture books and graphic novels to stimulate multimodal responses
• Placing pupils in the role of the teacher
• Devising marketing campaigns for class novels
• Adopting experimental approaches to redrafting
• Encouraging extreme forms of re-creative writing
• Focusing on how to listen to texts
• Creating sound-scapes for poems

Thought-provoking and provocative, this textbook draws on current best practice in English teaching and will equip trainee and practising teachers with a wide range of strategies that will lead to greater creativity in the classroom.

Creativity in secondary English lessons today is a democratically conceived quality that all pupils are expected to achieve and a resource on which all are entitled to draw. But what exactly is creativity? And how does it relate to English? Creativity and Learning in Secondary English answers these questions, and others, by arguing for a version of creativity that sees it as an ordinary, everyday part of successful classroom practice, central to processes of meaning-making, dialogic interaction and textual engagement. In this construction, creativity is not just linked to learning; it is the driving force behind learning itself, offering pupils the opportunity to transform their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.

This book borrows from a range of theories about creativity and about learning, while remaining largely practical in focus. It contains numerous examples for teachers of how to apply ideas about creativity in the classroom. In doing so, it attempts to maintain the subject s core identity while also keeping abreast of contemporary social, pedagogical and technological developments. The result is a refreshing challenge to some of the more mundane approaches to English teaching on offer in an age focussed excessively on standardisation and teaching to tests.

Practical applications of creativity include:

• Using picture books and graphic novels to stimulate multimodal responses
• Placing pupils in the role of the teacher
• Devising marketing campaigns for class novels
• Adopting experimental approaches to redrafting
• Encouraging extreme forms of re-creative writing
• Focusing on how to listen to texts
• Creating sound-scapes for poems

Thought-provoking and provocative, this textbook draws on current best practice in English teaching and will equip trainee and practising teachers with a wide range of strategies that will lead to greater creativity in the classroom.

Thisyear'svolumeofAdvancesinWebMiningandWebUsageAnalysiscontains thepostworkshopproceedingsofajointevent,the9thInternationalWorkshopon Knowledge Discovery from the Web (WEBKDD 2007) and the First SNA-KDD Workshop on Social Network Analysis (SNA-KDD 2007). The joint workshop on Web Mining and Social Network Analysis took place at the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). It attracted 23 submissions, of which 14 were accepted for presentation at the workshop. Eight of them have been extended for inclusion in this volume. WEBKDD is one of the most traditional workshops of the ACM SIGKDD internationalconference, under the auspices of which it has been organizedsince 1999. The strong interest for knowledge discovery in the Web, fostered not least by WEBKDD itself, has led to solutions for many problems in the Web's p- mature era. In the meanwhile, the Web has stepped into a new era, where it is experienced as a social medium, fostering interaction among people, enabling and promoting the sharing of knowledge, experiences and applications, char- terized by group activities, community formation, and evolution. The design of Web 2. 0 re?ects the socialcharacterof the Web, bringing new potential and new challenges. The 9th WEBKDD was devoted to the challenges and opportunities of mining for the social Web and promptly gave rise to the joint event with the First Workshop on Social Network Analysis (SNA-KDD). Social network research has advanced signi?cantly in the last few years, strongly motivated by the prevalence of online social websites and a variety of large-scale o?ine social network systems.

In modern applications of machine learning, predicting a single class label is often not enough. Instead we want to predict a large number of variables that depend on each other, such as a class label for every word in a document or for every region in an image. This structured prediction problem is significantly harder than the simple classification problem because we want to learn how the different labels depend on each other. Conditional random fields provide a powerful solution to this problem. They combine the advantages of classification and graphical modeling as they join the ability of graphical models to compactly model multivariate data with the ability of classification methods to perform prediction using large sets of input features. In the past ten years, there has been an explosion of interest in CRFs with applications as diverse as natural language processing, computer vision, and bioinformatics. An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields provides a comprehensive tutorial aimed at application-oriented practitioners seeking to apply CRFs. This survey does not assume previous knowledge of graphical modeling, and so is intended to be useful to practitioners in a wide variety of fields. It includes discussion of feature construction, inference, and parameter estimation in CRFs. Additionally, the monograph also includes sections on practical "tips of the trade" for CRFs that are difficult to find in the published literature.

A collection of poems by three Lanarkshire writers, with a Foreword.

This is a translation of 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' into synthetic Scots.

Advanced statistical modeling and knowledge representation techniques for a newly emerging area of machine learning and probabilistic reasoning; includes introductory material, tutorials for different proposed approaches, and applications. Handling inherent uncertainty and exploiting compositional structure are fundamental to understanding and designing large-scale systems. Statistical relational learning builds on ideas from probability theory and statistics to address uncertainty while incorporating tools from logic, databases and programming languages to represent structure. In Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning, leading researchers in this emerging area of machine learning describe current formalisms, models, and algorithms that enable effective and robust reasoning about richly structured systems and data. The early chapters provide tutorials for material used in later chapters, offering introductions to representation, inference and learning in graphical models, and logic. The book then describes object-oriented approaches, including probabilistic relational models, relational Markov networks, and probabilistic entity-relationship models as well as logic-based formalisms including Bayesian logic programs, Markov logic, and stochastic logic programs. Later chapters discuss such topics as probabilistic models with unknown objects, relational dependency networks, reinforcement learning in relational domains, and information extraction. By presenting a variety of approaches, the book highlights commonalities and clarifies important differences among proposed approaches and, along the way, identifies important representational and algorithmic issues. Numerous applications are provided throughout.

The Complete Citizenship Resource File is the comprehensive resource pack for teaching Citizenship Education from Years 7 to 11. It contains everything you need to teach lively and engaging lessons that encourage students to take an interest in topical and controversial issues and actively involve themselves in discussion and debate. With a focus on local, national and global perspectives, students are given opportunities to consider the context of their own lives in relation to those of others, therefore developing their sense of social justice as they come to a greater understanding of their world and the worlds of others. Covering a wide range of topical political, spiritual, moral, social and cultural issues, problems and events, this highly practical resource: Covers the entire Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 Citizenship Curriculum; Does your medium and short-term planning for you; Is Citizenship rather than PSHE focused; Deals with the big political issues of the day; Is easily adaptable for use within your own SOWs; Can be used as part of ongoing project work; Is fully photocopiable throughout. All the activities and worksheets are completely flexible and can be used for individual, pair and group work or form the basis for class discussion. With an emphasis on active learning, this resource is a must have for teachers that want to develop a creative and meaningful Citizenship curriculum and get their students to think critically about their role as citizens in their school, local communities and wider society.