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Debates about public expenditure in the agricultural sector have
reopened in many developing and emerging economies because of high
budget deficits and changes in public opinion. As a result,
agricultural policy in many of these countries is beginning to take
a more market-oriented approach to agrarian problems, most notably
through the introduction of contract farming. This book explores
the policy issues around contract farming and its transformative
potential and addresses the lack of empirical research on this
topic by focusing on South Asia: principally India, Bangladesh and
Nepal. The book first addresses the effects of contract farming
(vertical coordination) on productivity, food security indicators
(yield, consumption expenditures, prices), employment and input
usage. Then it draws lessons from the South Asian case studies on
the impact of institutional changes, like contract farming, on
income and food security of smallholder households. The core of the
book includes case study chapters on several commodities that are
produced under contract farming, including vegetables and fisheries
in Bangladesh, low-value crops in Nepal and coffee in India. Other
chapters also explore contracts, storage, input usage and technical
efficiency in these cases. This book serves as an essential guide
to academics, researchers, students, legislative liaisons and think
tank groups interested in agrarian issues, agricultural economics
and agricultural policy in emerging economies and particularly in
South Asia.
Debates about public expenditure in the agricultural sector have
reopened in many developing and emerging economies because of high
budget deficits and changes in public opinion. As a result,
agricultural policy in many of these countries is beginning to take
a more market-oriented approach to agrarian problems, most notably
through the introduction of contract farming. This book explores
the policy issues around contract farming and its transformative
potential and addresses the lack of empirical research on this
topic by focusing on South Asia: principally India, Bangladesh and
Nepal. The book first addresses the effects of contract farming
(vertical coordination) on productivity, food security indicators
(yield, consumption expenditures, prices), employment and input
usage. Then it draws lessons from the South Asian case studies on
the impact of institutional changes, like contract farming, on
income and food security of smallholder households. The core of the
book includes case study chapters on several commodities that are
produced under contract farming, including vegetables and fisheries
in Bangladesh, low-value crops in Nepal and coffee in India. Other
chapters also explore contracts, storage, input usage and technical
efficiency in these cases. This book serves as an essential guide
to academics, researchers, students, legislative liaisons and think
tank groups interested in agrarian issues, agricultural economics
and agricultural policy in emerging economies and particularly in
South Asia.
This book provides a blueprint for the allocation of public
expenditures "in" and "for" agriculture at the dis-aggregated state
level and suggests a reorientation in favour of disadvantaged
regions where the marginal returns on additional investments would
be higher. It provides insights into the inter-linkages between
public expenditures, private investment, rural poverty, and
agriculture productivity from a regional perspective to reflect
upon spatial differences in the welfare effects of various
investments, subsidies, and policies. The book focuses on
agricultural growth and rural poverty reduction through public and
private investments, non-farm employment, and other pathways to the
formulation of appropriate policies at the dis-aggregated state
level. It presents new evidence based on advanced econometric tools
for analysing and understanding the relationship between public and
private investments in agriculture and input subsidies (fertilizer,
power, irrigation, and credit) together with their impacts at the
dis-aggregated state level. The book also deliberates on an income
based direct support system for farmers as an alternative to the
existing input price subsidy regime. Accordingly, the book offers
valuable insights not only for researchers working on poverty
alleviation, rural economy, and agricultural growth, but also for
policymakers.
This book provides a blueprint for the allocation of public
expenditures "in" and "for" agriculture at the dis-aggregated state
level and suggests a reorientation in favour of disadvantaged
regions where the marginal returns on additional investments would
be higher. It provides insights into the inter-linkages between
public expenditures, private investment, rural poverty, and
agriculture productivity from a regional perspective to reflect
upon spatial differences in the welfare effects of various
investments, subsidies, and policies. The book focuses on
agricultural growth and rural poverty reduction through public and
private investments, non-farm employment, and other pathways to the
formulation of appropriate policies at the dis-aggregated state
level. It presents new evidence based on advanced econometric tools
for analysing and understanding the relationship between public and
private investments in agriculture and input subsidies (fertilizer,
power, irrigation, and credit) together with their impacts at the
dis-aggregated state level. The book also deliberates on an income
based direct support system for farmers as an alternative to the
existing input price subsidy regime. Accordingly, the book offers
valuable insights not only for researchers working on poverty
alleviation, rural economy, and agricultural growth, but also for
policymakers.
This book presents the select proceedings of the International
Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD
2021). It highlights the advancements in area of functional
materials which includes electronic, magnetic, optical, adaptive
and dielectric materials that are required to develop new
functionalities with better performance in this new era of
technology. The topics covered include materials for energy
harvesting, biomedical applications, environmental monitoring,
photonics and optoelectronic devices, strategic applications and
high energy physics. This book will be a useful reference for
beginners, researchers, academicians and professionals working in
the area of material science and its allied fields.
This book presents the select proceedings of the International
Conference on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (AFMD
2021). It highlights the advancements in area of functional
materials which includes electronic, magnetic, optical, adaptive
and dielectric materials that are required to develop new
functionalities with better performance in this new era of
technology. The topics covered include materials for energy
harvesting, biomedical applications, environmental monitoring,
photonics and optoelectronic devices, strategic applications and
high energy physics. This book will be a useful reference for
beginners, researchers, academicians and professionals working in
the area of material science and its allied fields.
The present investigation on "Studies on genetic parameters and
stability analysis in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)" was
carried out with 20 genotypes grown under three environments viz.
E-I (80 kg N/ha), E-II (120 kg N/ha) and E-III (160 kg N/ha). The
experiment was carried out during rabi 2002-03 and 2003-04 at
Agricultural Research Farm, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra, in
split plot design with three replications, in each environment.
Observations were recorded on 5 randomly selected plants for 10
characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of
branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod diameter, pod length,
number of seeds/pod, 10-pod weight, green pod yield/plant and green
pod yield/plot. Mean data were subjected to various statistical
analysis. Stability analysis by Eberhart and Russell (1966) and the
selection parameters by standard procedure were used for
computation.
This book addresses some key strategic questions related to
agriculture in the context of major contemporary developments and
emerging challenges in Nepal such as the changing role of
agriculture with economic growth, structural transformation in
reducing poverty, improving nutritional outcomes, and addressing
the challenges of climate change. The book also suggests policy
measures to improve the delivery of critical inputs and services
and ensure the participation of marginal and smallholders in
high-value chains. Further, it discusses how the new federal system
and governance structure will affect the delivery of agricultural
technology and services. The book is divided into five parts. Part
I discusses macro-issues in the agriculture sector, while Part II
focuses on agricultural productivity growth and its main drivers.
The third part explores diversification in the agricultural and
non-agricultural sectors by farmers and other rural people for
livelihood improvement, while the fourth part deals with
agricultural trade and marketing issues, highlighting policy
implications and recommendations in the areas of immediate focus
and further research. Lastly, Part V addresses institutions and
governance issues, which are vital for agricultural development. In
the final chapter, the editors summarize and synthesize the book's
main findings and develop a policy agenda for addressing the many
challenges faced by the agriculture sector in Nepal, so as to make
it more productive, competitive, sustainable, and inclusive. The
book offers a rich source of analytical information on various
aspects of agricultural development in Nepal and will be of immense
value to policymakers, development partners, civil society,
students, and those interested in the economic and agricultural
development of not only Nepal, but also other developing countries.
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