The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biological control of sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) with an egg parasite Trichogramma chilonis in sugarcane crop. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments i.e. (T1; 30,000eggs/acre, T2; 40,000eggs/acre, T3; 50,000, T4; 60,000 eggs per acre and T5; Control) having three replications each. Experiment was conducted at Chack No.109 G.B. near Jaranwala, District Faisalabad, Punjab. Data regarding mean infestation was recorded at the same time from the control plot and from the biologically treated plots at fortnightly intervals starting from July 15, 2005 to October 15, 2005. The results revealed that the infestation of sugarcane stem borer was reduced up to 84% when Trichogramma chilonis eggs were applied at the rate of 60,000 eggs per acre. So it is concluded that Trichogramma chilonis (Egg parasitized) can successfully be used for the suppression of sugarcane stem borer.

This book describes number of aphid species attacking wheat varieties, population dynamics of aphid's species by collecting them from the field by using different collection techniques, and examine them in the laboratory under the microscope for the sake of species identification. The effect of abiotic factors on aphid's population was also determined. Four species of wheat aphid viz., Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Rhopalosiphum maidis were identified on the basis of their taxonomic characters out of which S. graminum was most destructive. SARC-2 and SARC-8 were found to be most susceptible and most resistant, respectively. Peak population of aphids was observed in middle period of March. Abiotic factors showed significant role in population fluctuation of aphids.

The undertaken project includes the survey and experimentations. The survey study was conducted to know the farmers' perception of insect pests and pest management practices in Bt cotton in Punjab, Pakistan. The experimentations were consisted the field and laboratory experiments. The field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of transgenic Bt cotton on the target and non-target insect community in replicated field trials under sprayed and unsprayed conditions, in comparisons with its parent non-Bt conventional cotton. The laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of Bt toxin on the biological traits (larval mortality, larval development time and pupal weight) of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua by feeding larvae on the leaves and flower- bolls of Bt and non-Bt cotton. The studies highlight that researchers, technology providers and administrators should ensure the effective and highest level of Bt toxin expression in appropriate plant parts at the requisite time, particularly late in the season.