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One of the main reasons that we organized this edited volume is to
increase - ternational awareness of the growing use of invertebrate
pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropods. As
the numbers of invasive species continues to rise, more insect
pathologists have been involved with work on their control using
entomopathogens. In fact, this is not a new area of focus for
insect pathologists; work on microbes against invasive arthropods
began more than a century ago with
classicalbiologicalcontrolintroductionsofentomopathogenicfungiagainstinvasive
species in the 1890s. Chapters in this book cover entomopathogens
that have been
developedforcontrolofinvasivespeciesovermanydecades(e. g.
anematodeagainst Sirex noctilio and Bacillus thuringiensis against
gypsy moth) while other chapters
focusondevelopmentofcontrolmeasuresforveryrecentinvasives(e. g.
emeraldash borer?rstfoundintheUSin2002).
SinceboththeUnitedStatesandNewZealandare
countrieswithabundanttrade, whichisakeypathwayforinvasives,
wehavebeenvery awareofthegrowingnumbers ofinvasive
pestsarrivinginour owncountries andthe needforcontrolstrategies.
Wehavebeencloselyinvolvedwiththeircontrolusing- crobes,
atvaryinglevels(fromlaboratorybenchto?eldstudiestonationalcommittees
evaluating eradication programs using the entomopathogen B.
thuringiensis). Within the past few years, symposia on use of
microbes for invasive control have been organized twice at the
annual meetings of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology (2005 -
Anchorage, Alaska, and 2007 - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada),
demonstrating interest in this subject across the international
community of inv- tebrate pathologists. However, no written
summaries, covering the different types of pathogens being studied,
developed and used for control, have previously - dressed this
subje
Biological pesticides are increasingly finding therr place in IPM
and increasing numbers of products are making therr way to the
marketplace. Particularly in China, Latin America and Australia,
implementation is proceeding on a large scale. However, in the USA
and Europe, registration procedures for insect pathogens to be used
for insect control have been established that requrre low levels of
risk, resulting in costs of retarding the implementation of
microbial agents. This book provides a review of the state of the
art of studies on the envrronmental impact of microbial
insecticides. It originates from a Society for Invertebrate
Pathology Microbial Control Division Symposium .. Assessment of
envrronmental safety of biological insecticides", organised in
collaboration with the EU-ERBIC research project (FAIR5-CT97-3489).
This symposium was initiated by Heikki Hokkanen and Chris Lomer,
and was held at the SIP Annual Meeting in 2001 in The Netherlands.
The emphasis in this book is on large scale use of microbial agents
for insect control, demonstrating how this use has been proceeding
with minimal envrron mental impact. This book is intended to be of
use to regulatory authorities in determining whether further
studies in eertain areas are necessary and how to conduct them if
needed, or whether sufficient information has been collected
already to permit fuH registration of many of these biological
control agents.
One of the main reasons that we organized this edited volume is to
increase - ternational awareness of the growing use of invertebrate
pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropods. As
the numbers of invasive species continues to rise, more insect
pathologists have been involved with work on their control using
entomopathogens. In fact, this is not a new area of focus for
insect pathologists; work on microbes against invasive arthropods
began more than a century ago with
classicalbiologicalcontrolintroductionsofentomopathogenicfungiagainstinvasive
species in the 1890s. Chapters in this book cover entomopathogens
that have been
developedforcontrolofinvasivespeciesovermanydecades(e. g.
anematodeagainst Sirex noctilio and Bacillus thuringiensis against
gypsy moth) while other chapters
focusondevelopmentofcontrolmeasuresforveryrecentinvasives(e. g.
emeraldash borer?rstfoundintheUSin2002).
SinceboththeUnitedStatesandNewZealandare
countrieswithabundanttrade, whichisakeypathwayforinvasives,
wehavebeenvery awareofthegrowingnumbers ofinvasive
pestsarrivinginour owncountries andthe needforcontrolstrategies.
Wehavebeencloselyinvolvedwiththeircontrolusing- crobes,
atvaryinglevels(fromlaboratorybenchto?eldstudiestonationalcommittees
evaluating eradication programs using the entomopathogen B.
thuringiensis). Within the past few years, symposia on use of
microbes for invasive control have been organized twice at the
annual meetings of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology (2005 -
Anchorage, Alaska, and 2007 - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada),
demonstrating interest in this subject across the international
community of inv- tebrate pathologists. However, no written
summaries, covering the different types of pathogens being studied,
developed and used for control, have previously - dressed this
subje
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