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This monograph ties in the scholarly debate on Chinese village
elections and their consequences for China's political system. It
draws on comparative fieldwork conducted in six villages in two
counties in Jiangxi and Jilin Provinces and one district in
Shenzhen between 2002 and 2005, producing data from some 140
in-depth interviews of villagers and local officials up to the
prefectural level. The major objective of this book is as much a
critical assessment of the research literature of Chinese village
elections published over the last fifteen years as to sharpen the
reader's sight for the scope and limits of this important reform to
generate regime legitimacy in the local state, an issue which has
so far been neglected in the study of Chinese village elections. It
hence contributes to our understanding of the nexus between
political participation and cadre accountability at the grassroots,
and highlights a number of factors ensuring the persistence of
one-party rule in contemporary China.
This book is about the radical novelty of modern polities in a
functionally differentiated world society. Premodern states were at
the apex of a stratified, hierarchical society. They dominated
society and all its groups and strata. Modern polities have to be
understood through the ecology of relations among different
function systems. They have to find and incessantly redefine their
place in society. They produce decisions that are collectively
binding, but in preparing these decisions experience constraints
and knowledge deficiencies that are related to the complexity of a
functionally differentiated society. The book concentrates on six
analytical perspectives that reflect how modern polities are
embedded into 21st century society. These perspectives are: the
concept of inclusion and the inclusion revolution constitutive of
modern polities; the internal differentiation of polities that
endows them with an unprecedented complexity; the fact that
polities do not know anything about society and the ways in which
they compensate for this; representation and responsiveness as
strategies to reconnect with society; the self-restriction of some
polities that brings about ever new autonomous expert
organizations; the symmetrical rise of autocracies and democracies
as the two modern variants of political regimes.
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