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Bringing immigrants onstage as central players in the drama of
rural
capitalist transformation, Anne Kelly Knowles traces a community of
Welsh immigrants to Jackson and Gallia counties in southern Ohio.
After
reconstructing the gradual process of community-building, Knowles
focuses on the pivotal moment when the immigrants became involved
with
the industrialization of their new region as workers and investors
in
Welsh-owned charcoal iron companies. Setting the southern Ohio
Welsh in
the context of Welsh immigration as a whole from 1795 to 1850,
Knowles
explores how these strict Calvinists responded to the moral
dilemmas
posed by leaving their native land and experiencing economic
success in
the United States.
Knowles draws on a wide variety of sources, including obituaries
and
community histories, to reconstruct the personal histories of over
1,700
immigrants. The resulting account will find appreciative readers
not
only among historical geographers, but also among American economic
historians and historians of religion.
The Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century: Relevance and Challenges
in the Digital Age challenges a number of key themes in Holocaust
studies with new research. Essays in the section “Tropes
Reconsidered” reevaluate foundational concepts such as Primo
Levi’s gray zone and idea of the muselmann. The chapters in
“Survival Strategies and Obstructions” use digital
methodologies to examine mobility and space and their relationship
to hiding, resistance, and emigration. Contributors to the final
section, “Digital Methods, Digital Memory,” offer critical
reflections on the utility of digital methods in scholarly,
pedagogic, and public engagement with the Holocaust.Although the
chapters differ markedly in their embrace or eschewal of digital
methods, they share several themes: a preoccupation with the
experiences of persecution, escape, and resistance at different
scales (individual, group, and systemic); methodological innovation
through the adoption and tracking of micro- and mezzohistories of
movement and displacement; varied approaches to the practice of
Saul FriedlÄnder’s “integrated history”; the mainstreaming
of oral history; and the robust application of micro- and
macrolevel approaches to the geographies of the Holocaust. Taken
together, these chapters incorporate gender analysis, spatial
thinking, and victim agency into Holocaust studies. In so doing,
they move beyond existing notions of perpetrators, victims, and
bystanders to portray the Holocaust as a complex and multilayered
event.
Veins of iron run deep in the history of America. Iron making began
almost as soon as European settlement, with the establishment of
the first ironworks in colonial Massachusetts. Yet it was Great
Britain that became the Atlantic world's dominant low-cost,
high-volume producer of iron, a position it retained throughout the
nineteenth century. It was not until after the Civil War that
American iron producers began to match the scale and efficiency of
the British iron industry. In "Mastering Iron", Anne Kelly Knowles
argues that the prolonged development of the American iron industry
was largely due to geographical problems the British did not face.
Pairing exhaustive manuscript research with analysis of a detailed
geospatial database that she built of the industry, Knowles
reconstructs the American iron industry in unprecedented depth,
from locating hundreds of iron companies in their social and
environmental contexts to explaining workplace culture and social
relations between workers and managers. She demonstrates how
ironworks in Alabama, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia
struggled to replicate British technologies but, in the attempt,
brought about changes in the American industry that set the stage
for the subsequent age of steel. Richly illustrated with dozens of
original maps and period art work, all in full color, "Mastering
Iron" sheds new light on American ambitions and high-lights the
challenges a young nation faced as it grappled with its geographic
conditions.
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