The rich history of encounters prior to World War I between people from German-speaking parts of Europe and people of African descent has gone largely unnoticed in the historical literature-not least because Germany became a nation and engaged in colonization much later than other European nations. This volume presents intersections of Black and German history over eight centuries while mapping continuities and ruptures in Germans' perceptions of Blacks. Juxtaposing these intersections demonstrates that negative German perceptions of Blackness proceeded from nineteenth-century racial theories, and that earlier constructions of "race" were far more differentiated. The contributors present a wide range of Black-German encounters, from representations of Black saints in religious medieval art to Black Hessians fighting in the American Revolutionary War, from Cameroonian children being educated in Germany to African American agriculturalists in Germany's protectorate, Togoland. Each chapter probes individual and collective responses to these intercultural points of contact.

The rich history of encounters prior to World War I between people from German-speaking parts of Europe and people of African descent has gone largely unnoticed in the historical literature-not least because Germany became a nation and engaged in colonization much later than other European nations. This volume presents intersections of Black and German history over eight centuries while mapping continuities and ruptures in Germans' perceptions of Blacks. Juxtaposing these intersections demonstrates that negative German perceptions of Blackness proceeded from nineteenth-century racial theories, and that earlier constructions of "race" were far more differentiated. The contributors present a wide range of Black-German encounters, from representations of Black saints in religious medieval art to Black Hessians fighting in the American Revolutionary War, from Cameroonian children being educated in Germany to African American agriculturalists in Germany's protectorate, Togoland. Each chapter probes individual and collective responses to these intercultural points of contact.

Farbberatung, Form- und Stilberatung haben ebenso Einzug in die Verkaufsbereiche gehalten wie Fragen nach der richtigen Form (Anrede, Tischmanieren usw). Dieser erste speziell fur Verkaufer geschriebenen "Knigge" zeigt, wie personliche Ausstrahlung und Benimm gegenuber Kunden zum personlichen Wettbewerbsvorteil werden und damit auch den geschaftlichen Erfolg steigern lassen."

Revolutions are not only a fascinating political and historical phenomenon. The perception and description of revolutions also conform to a certain linguistic and literary pattern discernible both in historiography and political journalism. Historical novels centring around revolutions can (also) be read as a form of (political) historiography as they invariably engage with these forms of representation. At the same time, however, historical novels are literary texts and as such cast light on the linguistic nature of historical (re)construction. A literary approach to the epic depiction of revolution in "November 1918" lays bare these contradictory reception alternatives, and in so doing points up the connections between DAblin's presentation of the German November revolution of 1918 and national and international 'revolution (hi)stories' from a large variety of disciplines.