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This thesis encompasses a study of past precipitation patterns
based on six cave stalagmites from different parts of the Indian
Himalaya. This is the first speleothem study in the Indian Himalaya
that shows a direct relationship between past precipitation and the
collapse of civilization. The stalagmites examined were KL-3 from
Jammu and Kashmir; TCS and BR-1 from Himachal Pradesh; and DH-1,
SA-1 and CH-1 from Uttarakhand. Based on the high-resolution
palaeoclimatic reconstruction (35 U/th dates, 5 AMS dates, 1,500
samples for 18O and 13C values) obtained for the duration of the
Pleistocene-Holocene transition (16.2-9.5 ka BP) and
Mid-Holocene-Present (ca. 4.0 ka BP-Present), three major events
were identified, namely the Older Dryas (OD), Bolling-Allerod (BA)
period and Younger Dryas (YD) at ca. 14.3-13.9, 13.9-12.7 and
12.7-12.2 ka BP, respectively. The study showed a gradual reduction
in the precipitation from 4 ka BP onwards for about a millennium
with a peak arid period between 3.2 and 3.1 ka BP. According to the
findings, the LIA (Little Ice Age) covers a time span from
1622-1820 AD, during which the climate was wetter than that in the
post-LIA period (1820-1950 AD). In addition, this thesis supports
the assumption that the WDs (Western Disturbances) contribute
significantly to the total rainfall in the Himalaya region.
This thesis encompasses a study of past precipitation patterns
based on six cave stalagmites from different parts of the Indian
Himalaya. This is the first speleothem study in the Indian Himalaya
that shows a direct relationship between past precipitation and the
collapse of civilization. The stalagmites examined were KL-3 from
Jammu and Kashmir; TCS and BR-1 from Himachal Pradesh; and DH-1,
SA-1 and CH-1 from Uttarakhand. Based on the high-resolution
palaeoclimatic reconstruction (35 U/th dates, 5 AMS dates, 1,500
samples for 18O and 13C values) obtained for the duration of the
Pleistocene-Holocene transition (16.2-9.5 ka BP) and
Mid-Holocene-Present (ca. 4.0 ka BP-Present), three major events
were identified, namely the Older Dryas (OD), Bolling-Allerod (BA)
period and Younger Dryas (YD) at ca. 14.3-13.9, 13.9-12.7 and
12.7-12.2 ka BP, respectively. The study showed a gradual reduction
in the precipitation from 4 ka BP onwards for about a millennium
with a peak arid period between 3.2 and 3.1 ka BP. According to the
findings, the LIA (Little Ice Age) covers a time span from
1622-1820 AD, during which the climate was wetter than that in the
post-LIA period (1820-1950 AD). In addition, this thesis supports
the assumption that the WDs (Western Disturbances) contribute
significantly to the total rainfall in the Himalaya region.
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