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This book offers new perspectives on the theoretical elements of
the Opus postumum (OP), Kant's project of a final work which
remained unknown until eighty years after his death. The
contributors read the OP as a central work in establishing the
relation between Kant's transcendental philosophy, his natural
philosophy, practical philosophy, philosophy of religion,
metaphysics, and his broader epistemology. Interpreting the OP is
an important task because it helps reveal how Kant himself tried to
correct and develop his critical philosophy. It also sheds light on
the foundational role of the three Critiques for other
philosophical inquiries, as well as the unified philosophical
system that Kant sought to establish. The chapters in this volume
address a range of topics relevant to the epistemological and
theoretical problems raised in the OP, including the transition
from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to physics as
an answer to a deficiency in critical thought; the notion of ether
and, more specifically, its transcendental deduction;
self-affection and the self-positing of the subject; and the idea
of God and the system of ideas in the highest standpoint of
transcendental philosophy. Perspectives on Kant's Opus postumum
will be of interest to upper-level students and scholars working on
Kant.
This book investigates various aspects of freedom as developed in
the philosophical systems of Kant and Fichte. Freedom, both Kant
and Fichte insist, does not mean that we can choose or think
independently from all rules or necessity, but rather that we
willingly accept a certain kind of submission under these rules.
Therefore, the conditions of our knowledge affect and inform our
self-understanding, our willing, and the ways we justify our
practical choices. The essays in this volume explore both
philosophers' conceptions of human freedom as they relate to art,
history, politics, and religion. They reveal how integrating
freedom into a system of thought is crucial for our understanding
of modern philosophy. System and Freedom in Kant and Fichte will be
of interest to scholars and advanced students working on Kant,
modern philosophy, and German Studies.
It was not so long ago that the dominant picture of Kant's
practical philosophy was forma listic, focusing almost exclusively
on his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of
Practical Reason. However, the overall picture of Kant's
wide-ranging philosophy has since been broadened and deepened. We
now have a much more complete understanding of the range of Kant's
practical interests and of his contributions to areas as diverse as
anthropology, peda gogy, and legal theory. What remains somewhat
obscure, however, is how these different contributions hang
together in the way that Kant suggests that they must. This book
explores these different conceptions of humanity, morality, and
legality in Kant as main 'manifestations' or 'dimensions' of
practical normativity. These interrelated terms play a cru cial
role in highlighting different rational obligations, their
source(s), and their appli cability in the face of changing
circumstances.
It was not so long ago that the dominant picture of Kant's
practical philosophy was forma listic, focusing almost exclusively
on his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of
Practical Reason. However, the overall picture of Kant's
wide-ranging philosophy has since been broadened and deepened. We
now have a much more complete understanding of the range of Kant's
practical interests and of his contributions to areas as diverse as
anthropology, peda gogy, and legal theory. What remains somewhat
obscure, however, is how these different contributions hang
together in the way that Kant suggests that they must. This book
explores these different conceptions of humanity, morality, and
legality in Kant as main 'manifestations' or 'dimensions' of
practical normativity. These interrelated terms play a cru cial
role in highlighting different rational obligations, their
source(s), and their appli cability in the face of changing
circumstances.
What makes us human beings? Is it merely some corporeal aspect, or
rather some specific mental capacity, language, or some form of
moral agency or social life? Is there a gendered bias within the
concept of humanity? How do human beings become more human, and can
we somehow cease to be human? This volume provides some answers to
these fundamental questions and more by charting the increased
preoccupation of the European Enlightenment with the concepts of
humankind and humanity. Chapters investigate the philosophical
concerns of major figures across Western Europe, including
Montesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau, Locke, Hume, Ferguson, Kant,
Herder, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach and the Comte de Buffon. As
these philosophers develop important descriptive and comparative
approaches to the human species and moral and social ideals of
humanity, they present a view of the Enlightenment project as a
particular kind of humanism that is different from its Ancient and
Renaissance predecessors. With contributions from a team of
internationally recognized scholars, including Stephen Gaukroger,
Michael Forster, Céline Spector, Jacqueline Taylor, and Günter
Zöller, this book offers a novel interpretation of the
Enlightenment that is both clear in focus and impressive in scope.
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