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Examining the domestic politics of imperial expansion these essays
question the role of the Industrial Revolution and British imperial
leadership beyond the issue of hierarchy and The Great Divergence.
This volume brings together leading global economic historians to
honour Patrick O'Brien's contribution to the establishment of
global economic history as a coherent and respected field in the
academy. Inspired by O'Brien's seminal work on the British
Industrial Revolution as a global phenomenon, these essays expand
the role of the Industrial Revolution and British imperial
leadership beyond the issue of hierarchy and The Great Divergence.
The change from the protective Atlantic empire, 1650-1850, to the
free trade empire of the last half of the long nineteenth century
is elaborated as are the conscious efforts of the free trade empire
to develop markets and market economies in Africa. British domestic
politics associated with the change and the continuation to the
recent politics of Brexit are fascinatingly narrated and
documented, including the economic rationale for imperial
expansion, in the first instance. The narrative continues to the
crises of globalization caused by the world wars and the Great
Depression, which forced the free trade British Empire to change
course. Further, the effects of the crises and the imperial
reaction on the East African colonies and on New Zealand and
Australia are examined. Given current concerns about the
environmental impact of economic activities, it is noteworthy that
this volume includes the environmental impact of globalization in
India caused by the free trade policy of the British free trade
empire.
Richard Cobden (1804-65) rose from humble beginnings to become the
leading advocate of nineteenth-century free-trade and liberalism.
As a fierce opponent of the Corn Laws and promoter of international
trade he rapidly became an influential figure on the national
stage, whose name became a byword for political and economic
reform. Yet despite the familiarity with which contemporaries and
historians refer to 'Cobdenism' his ideals and beliefs are not
always easy to identify and classify in a coherent way. Indeed, as
this volume makes clear, the variety, diversity and malleability of
the 'Cobdenite project' attest to the lack of a strict dogma and
highlight Cobden's underlying pragmatism. Divided into five
sections, this collection of essays offers a timely reassessment of
Cobden's career, its impact and legacy in the two hundred years
since his birth. Beginning with an investigation into the
intellectual and cultural background to his emergence as a national
political figure, the volume then looks at Cobden's impact on the
making of Victorian liberal politics. The third section examines
Cobden's wider influence in Europe, particularly the impact of his
tour of 1846-47 which was in many ways a defining moment not only
in the making of Cobden's liberalism but in the making of liberal
Europe. Section four broadens the theme of Cobden's contemporary
impact, including his contribution to the debate on peace,
internationalism and the American Civil War; whilst the final
section opens up the theme of Cobden's contested legacy, the
variety of interpretations of Cobden's ideas and their influence on
late nineteenth- and twentieth-century politics. Offering a broad
yet coherent investigation of the 'Cobdenite project' by leading
international scholars, this volume provides a fascinating insight
into one of the nineteenth century's most important figures whose
ideas still resonate today.
After the collapse of the Doha Development Round of the World Trade
Organization talks, agricultural subsidies and market
liberalization went high on the political agenda. This work
features historical documents that address the thorny relationship
between trade and politics, the appropriate role of international
regulation, and domestic concerns.
Richard Cobden (1804-1865) rose from humble beginnings to become
the leading advocate of nineteenth-century free-trade and
liberalism. As a fierce opponent of the Corn Laws and promoter of
international trade he rapidly became an influential figure on the
national stage, whose name became a byword for political and
economic reform. Yet, despite the familiarity with which
contemporaries and historians refer to 'Cobdenism', his ideals and
beliefs are not always easy to identify and classify in a coherent
way. Indeed, as this volume makes clear, the variety, diversity and
malleability of the 'Cobdenite project' attest to the lack of a
strict dogma and highlight Cobden's underlying pragmatism. Divided
into five sections, this collection of essays offers a timely
reassessment of Cobden's career, its impact and legacy in the two
hundred years since his birth. Beginning with an investigation into
the intellectual and cultural background to his emergence as a
national political figure, the volume then looks at Cobden's impact
of the making of Victorian liberal politics.The third section
develops many insights from Cobden's European Tour of 1846-47 which
was in many ways a defining moment not only in the making of
Cobden's liberalism but in the making of liberal Europe. Section
four broadens the theme of Cobden's contemporary international
impact, including his contribution to the debate on
internationalism, India, the empire and the American Civil War;
whilst the final section opens up the theme of Cobden's contested
legacy, the variety of interpretations of Cobden's ideas and how
their influence on late nineteenth and early twentieth century
politics. Offering a broad yet coherent investigation of the
'Cobdenite project' by leading international scholars, this volume
provides a fascinating insight into one of the nineteenth century's
most important figures whose ideas still resonate today.
An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool
University Press website and the OAPEN library. Byron and the Forms
of Thought is a major new study of Byron as a poet and thinker.
While informed by recent work on Byron's philosophical contexts,
the book questions attempts to describe Byron as a philosopher of a
particular kind. It approaches Byron, rather, as a writer
fascinated by the different ways of thinking philosophy and poetry
are taken to represent. After an Introduction that explores Byron's
reception as a thinker, the book moves to a new reading of Byron's
scepticism, arguing for a close proximity, in Byron's thought,
between epistemology and poetics. This is explored through readings
of Byron's efforts both as a philosophical poet and writer of
critical prose. The conclusions reached form the basis of an
extended reading of Don Juan as a critical narrative that
investigates connections between visionary and political
consciousness. What emerges is a deeply thoughtful poet intrigued
and exercised by the possibilities of literary form.
Romanticism and the Letter is a collection of essays that explore
various aspects of letter writing in the Romantic period of British
Literature. Although the correspondence of the Romantics
constitutes a major literary achievement in its own right, it has
received relatively little critical attention. Essays focus on the
letters of major poets, including Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley and
Keats; novelists and prose writers, including Jane Austen, Leigh
Hunt and Charles Lamb; and lesser-known writers such as Melesina
Trench and Mary Leadbeater. Moving from theories of letter writing,
through the period's diverse epistolary culture, to essays on
individual writers, the collection opens new perspectives for
students and scholars of the Romantic period.
Romanticism and the Letter is a collection of essays that explore
various aspects of letter writing in the Romantic period of British
Literature. Although the correspondence of the Romantics
constitutes a major literary achievement in its own right, it has
received relatively little critical attention. Essays focus on the
letters of major poets, including Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley and
Keats; novelists and prose writers, including Jane Austen, Leigh
Hunt and Charles Lamb; and lesser-known writers such as Melesina
Trench and Mary Leadbeater. Moving from theories of letter writing,
through the period's diverse epistolary culture, to essays on
individual writers, the collection opens new perspectives for
students and scholars of the Romantic period.
The Oxford Handbook of Percy Bysshe Shelley takes stock of current
developments in the study of a major Romantic poet and
prose-writer, and seeks to advance Shelley studies in new
directions. It consists of forty-two chapters written by an
international cast of established and emerging scholar-critics.
This Handbook is divided into five thematic sections: Biography and
Relationships; Prose; Poetry; Cultures, Traditions, Influences; and
Afterlives. The first section reappraises Shelley's life and
relationships, including those with his publishers through whom he
sought to reach an audience for the 'Ashes and sparks' of his
thought, and with women, creative collaborators as well as
muse-figures. The second section gives his under-investigated prose
works detailed attention, bringing multiple perspectives to bear on
his conceptual positions, and demonstrating the range of his
achievement in prose works from novels to political and poetic
treatises. The third section explores Shelley's creativity and gift
as a poet, emphasizing his capacity to excel in many different
poetic genres. The fourth section looks at Shelley's response to
past and present literary cultures, both English and international,
and at his immersion in science, music, theatre, the visual arts,
and travel. The fifth section concludes the volume by analysing
Shelley's literary and cultural afterlife, from his influence on
Victorians and Moderns, to his status as the exemplary poet for
Deconstruction. Packed with stimulating insights and readings, The
Oxford Handbook of Percy Bysshe Shelley brings out the relevance to
Shelley's own work of his dictum that 'All high poetry is infinite'
.
The Letters of Richard Cobden (1804-1865) provides, in four printed
volumes, the first critical edition of Cobden's letters, publishing
the complete text in as near the original form as possible. The
letters are accompanied by full scholarly apparatus, together with
an introduction to each volume which re-assesses Cobden's
importance in their light. Together, these volumes make available a
unique source of the understanding of British liberalism in its
European and international contexts, throwing new light on issues
such as the repeal of the Corn Laws, British radical movements, the
Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, Anglo-French relations, and the
American Civil War.
The third volume, drawing on some forty-seven archives worldwide,
reveals the tension between public and private life experienced by
Cobden from 1854 until 1859. As prospects for reform at home
diminished, he became the prototype for the group A. J. P. Taylor
famously called the 'Trouble Makers', articulating a wide-ranging
critique of British foreign policy with regard to the Crimean War,
Anglo-American relations, the Indian 'Mutiny', and British
expansion in Asia. An arch antagonist of the Prime Minister
Palmerston, in early 1857 he dramatically defeated the government
in the House of Commons over British naval intervention in China
(the Arrow incident), and in 1858 played a major part in resisting
Britain's annexation of Sarawak. Privately, Cobden experienced
anguish at the death of his fifteen-year-old son at school in
Germany in 1856, heightened by the inconsolability of his wife
Catherine. He was also beset by financial worries, prompting a
second visit to the United States in 1859 where he was welcomed as
a celebrity, though his primary purpose was to investigate the
prospects of the Illinois Central Railroad following the 1857
global financial crisis. On return to Britain, he found himself
once more at the forefront of British politics, rejecting an
unexpected offer of office in Palmerston's new Cabinet: the first
'modern' Liberal government.
The volume concludes with Cobden's lengthy stay in Paris. There,
with the support of his friend the French economist Michel
Chevalier, and against the background of recent war in Italy and
growing Anglo-French antagonism, he was on the brink of completing
the negotiation of the path-breaking Anglo-French commercial treaty
of 1860: his most important achievement since the repeal of the
Corn Laws in 1846, and a vital step towards free trade and peace in
Europe.
The first of four volumes, this book provides a unique insight into
the career of one of Britain's leading nineteenth-century
politicians. Richard Cobden (1804-1865) moved rapidly from business
success in Manchester into the worlds of local, national and
international politics, providing a case study in social mobility
in the Industrial Revolution. He traveled extensively, visiting the
United States, the Near East, and the continent writing influential
pamphlets, before undertaking the campaign against the British Corn
Laws for which he remains best known.
Drawing on material from Britain, Europe, and the United States,
the letters are accompanied by notes and an introduction by Anthony
Howe, explaining the unusual history of the letters and
re-assessing Cobden's importance in their light. But the letters
reveal not only Cobden the anti-corn law crusader, but provide us
with a greater understanding of wider aspects of middle class
politics and culture in their formative period in Britain and
Europe. Together, these four volumes provide a unique source on
British liberalism in its European and international contexts,
throwing new light on issues such as the repeal of the Corn Laws,
the British radical movements, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny,
and the American Civil War.
The argument about the limits of Free Trade or Protectionism rages
throughout the world to this day. Following the Repeal of the Corn
Laws in 1846, free trade became one of the most distinctive
defining features of the British state, and of British economic,
social, and political life. While the United States, much of the
British Empire, and the leading European Powers turned towards
protectionism before 1914, Britain alone held to a policy which had
seemingly guaranteed power and prosperity. This book seeks to
explain the political history of this tenacious loyalty. While the
Tariff Reform opponents of free trade have been much studied, this
is the first substantial account, based on a wide range of printed
and archival sources, which explains the primacy of free trade in
nineteenth- and early-twentieth century Britain. It also shows that
by the centenary of the Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1946, although
British free traders lamented the death of Liberal England, they
heralded, under American leadership, the rebirth of the liberal
international order.
After the recent collapse of the Doha Development Round of the
World Trade Organization talks, agricultural subsidies and market
liberalization are high on the political agenda. This exciting
four-volume reset edition charts the evolution of free trade from
the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776, to
the present day. Carefully-selected historical documents address
the thorny relationship between trade and politics, the appropriate
role of international regulation, domestic concerns about foreign
competition, and multilateral trade agreements. Rare and
difficult-to-access documents from national governments, economic
interest groups, the media and individuals are sourced from
archives in the US and the UK. Much of the material included has
not been published before.
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