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The most Jewish of gospels in its contents and yet the most
anti-Jewish in its polemics, the Gospel of Matthew has been said to
mark the emergence of Christianity from Judaism. Anthony J.
Saldarini overturns this interpretation by showing us how Matthew,
far from proclaiming the replacement of Israel by the Christian
church, wrote from within Jewish tradition to a distinctly Jewish
audience.
Recent research reveals that among both Jews and Christians of the
first century many groups believed in Jesus while remaining close
to Judaism. Saldarini argues that the author of the Gospel of
Matthew belonged to such a group, supporting his claim with an
informed reading of Matthew's text and historical context. Matthew
emerges as a Jewish teacher competing for the commitment of his
people after the catastrophic loss of the Temple in 70 C.E., his
polemics aimed not at all Jews but at those who oppose him.
Saldarini shows that Matthew's teaching about Jesus fits into
first-century Jewish thought, with its tradition of God-sent
leaders and heavenly mediators.
In Saldarini's account, Matthew's Christian-Jewish community is a
Jewish group, albeit one that deviated from the larger Jewish
community. Contributing to both New Testament and Judaic studies,
this book advances our understanding of how religious groups are
formed.
The attribution, by the Babylonian Talmud, of this Targum to
Jonathan ben Uzziel is suspect on several counts: among others, the
silence concerning Jonathan in the parallel passage in the
Palestinian Talmud, and the fanciful suggestion that Onkelos=Aquila
and Jonathan=Theodotion. The attribution, therefore, is not to be
taken as historical fact. The Talmud may have been attempting to
enhance the authority of the Targum by claiming authorship by a
disciple of Hillel, which Jonathan was.
It is generally agreed that the author of the Targum Jonathan is
unknown; in fact, it is preferable to consider multiple authorship.
For while language and translation techniques are uniform, there is
variety from book to book.
The Cambridge Companion to the Bible, 2nd edition provides in-depth
data and analysis of the production and reception of the canonical
writings of the Hebrew Bible and New Testament, and also of the
apocryphal works produced by Jewish and Christian writers. Unique
among single-volume introductions, this book focuses on the
ever-changing social and cultural contexts in which the biblical
authors and their original readers lived. The authors of the first
edition were chosen for their internationally recognized expertise
in their respective fields: the history and literature of Israel;
postbiblical Judaism; biblical archaeology; and the origins and
early literature of Christianity. In this second edition, all
chapters have been updated and thoroughly revised,under the
direction of a new volume editor, Bruce D. Chilton. More than 22
new maps, 90 new photographs and a full-color section help
illustrate the book.
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