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This book offers a complete diagnosis of concrete samples collected
from a pile cap block of residential buildings affected by internal
swelling reactions. Covering an extensive laboratory campaign to
evaluate the transport properties of concrete samples, as well as
their physical and chemical composition using advanced techniques
to analyse cores extracted from real buildings that have concrete
elements affected by internal swelling reactions (ISR). It features
several rehabilitation procedures, pile caps repair and
rehabilitation design, executed using strengthening procedures to
provide the complete restoration of the structural integrity of the
element deteriorated. These rehabilitation procedures proved to be
a good solution to retrofit pile cap deteriorated by expansions due
to internal swelling reactions of concrete. The book also offers a
systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a
valuable resource for scientists, students, and practitioners in
various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and
materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.
This book offers a complete diagnosis of concrete samples collected
from a pile cap block of residential buildings affected by internal
swelling reactions. Covering an extensive laboratory campaign to
evaluate the transport properties of concrete samples, as well as
their physical and chemical composition using advanced techniques
to analyse cores extracted from real buildings that have concrete
elements affected by internal swelling reactions (ISR). It features
several rehabilitation procedures, pile caps repair and
rehabilitation design, executed using strengthening procedures to
provide the complete restoration of the structural integrity of the
element deteriorated. These rehabilitation procedures proved to be
a good solution to retrofit pile cap deteriorated by expansions due
to internal swelling reactions of concrete. The book also offers a
systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a
valuable resource for scientists, students, and practitioners in
various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and
materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.
This book discusses the effects of soluble mineral salts on ceramic
brick masonry walls in Petrolina, a city in Pernambuco, Brazil,
located 780 km from the ocean. To shed light on this phenomenon,
the authors mapped the pathologies originating from the effects of
soluble mineral salts and installed wells to monitor the
underground water supply at five locations in the city where the
phenomenon most frequently occurs. Further, they analyzed samples
of soil, groundwater, and bricks affected by the phenomenon and
measured levels of chloride in the atmosphere at these sites. The
results obtained indicate that the pathological manifestations are
influenced by the high levels of soluble salts observed in the soil
and groundwater samples collected, and are not affected by chloride
in the atmosphere.
This work presents an extensive experimental characterisation of
two different ceramic brick blocks with different interface, at
different heights, during the drying process. First, a laboratory
characterization of the building material used (ceramic bricks and
different mortars) is presented, showing their hygrothermal,
mechanical and thermal properties, namely, bulk porosity and
density, water vapour permeability, capillary absorption, retention
curve, moisture diffusivity as a function of moisture content and
thermal conductivity. Moreover, the moisture transfer in
multi-layered systems was analysed in detail taking into account
the interface contact between the building elements.
The knowledge of moisture migration inside building materials and
construction building components is decisive for the way they
behave when in use. The durability, waterproofing, degrading aspect
and thermal behaviour of these materials are strongly influenced by
the existence of moisture within their interior, which provoke
changes in their normal performance, something that is normally
hard to predict. Due to the awareness of this problem, the
scientific community have per-formed various studies about the
existence of moisture inside porous materials. The complex aspects
of moisture migration phenomenon tended to encompass monolithic
building elements, since the existence of joints or layers
contributes to the change of moisture transfer along the respective
building element that contribute to the change of mass transfer
law. The presentation of an experimental analyses concerning
moisture transfer in the interface of material that makes up
masonry is described in such a way as to evaluate the durability
and/or avoid building damages. In this work it was analysed, during
the wetting process, the influence of different types of interface,
commonly observed in masonry, such as: perfect con-tact, joints of
cement mortar, lime mortar, and the air space interface. The
results allow the calculation of the hygric resistance. With these
results, it is possible to use any advanced hygrothermal simulation
program to study the water transport in building elements,
considering different interfaces and their hygric resistance.
This book discusses the main mechanical features of masonry
buildings and the peculiarities that affect their structural
behaviour. It also examines technical information regarding
accidents that have occurred in recent years in the Metropolitan
Region of Recife, along with the historical records of these
events, followed by indications of the causes for the collapse. The
book offers extensive experimental results that make it possible to
identify the contribution of several mortar rendering layers to the
load capacity of the tested specimens. Lastly, it explores the
factors that influenced the load capacity of the tested specimens.
This book offers a new calculation procedure of the structural
behavior of grouped layout of silos, easy to use and with
satisfactory responses. Groups of reinforced concrete silos are
structures commonly used in the food industry, where it is usually
necessary to separate the storage of different types and sources of
grain. The grouped layout of silos has numerous benefits when
compared with single-cell silos in which the emphasis is on
creating further space for silage, normally referred to as
interstice - a space formed between the edges of the group's cells.
This economic benefit, on the other hand, raises a structural
problem for the designer of this type of building, which is to
assess the magnitude of bending moments and hoop forces due to the
structural continuity of the walls in the interstice region of the
cells. Bending moments assume extreme values exactly when the
interstice is loaded and the other cells in the group are empty. To
develop the formulation of the proposed analysis models, a
parametric study was carried out that allowed the adequate
consideration of the variables involved. The idea is to help
professionals, engineers, industrials and academics involved in
this advanced interdisciplinary field as a comprehensive guide for
courses offered at different levels of learning (undergraduate and
postgraduate).
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