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The CLimatoLogy Research Programme of the Commi ssion of the
European Communities started in 1980 after a few years of
preparation which foLLowed the concern caused by the European
drought of 1976. It was mainLy a concern about European Land and
water resources, which then as never before appeared threatened by
cLimate vagaries. It was mainLy an economic concern which Led the
Commmission to propose, and the CounciL to adopt, a five-year piLot
research programme which in the meantime has proved to be both
usefuL and successfuL. The best speciaLists in many interreLated
fieLds were brought together for the first time to join into a
unique cooperation effort in the area of European cLimatoLogicaL
research. The programme aLso enjoyed the efficient and competent
cooperation of an Advisory Committee for Programme Management
(ACPM) which, being essentiaLLy composed of cLimatoLogists, proved
to be a scientific body of high quaLity, whose work has been one of
the factors for the success of the programme. The Advisory
Committee shared with the Services of the Commission the
responsibiLity of preparing a Review Symposium, thought to be the
best means of coLLecting and presenting the resuLts of the research
performed during 1980-1984. This voLume contains the proceedings of
that Review Symposium of the EC CLimatoLogy Research Programme,
organized by the Directorate GeneraL of Science, Research and
DeveLopment jointLy with the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Geodynamiques et Astronomiques (CERGA) at Sophia AntipoLis, France,
2-5 October 1984.
This volume contains progress papers in atmospheric ozone research
which were presen- ted at the Ouadrennial Ozone symposium held in
Greece from 3 to 7 September, 1984. These pa- pers are grouped in
nine chapters corresponding to the nine sessions of the symposium.
The Editors proVide the following summary of the highlights for
each chapter; this summary has been prepared after consulting the
papers submitted for publication as well as session summa- ries
kindly provided by the following session chairmen: R. Bojkov, H.
DOtsch, P. Fabian, J. Hai- gh, I. Isaksen, L. Kaplan, K. KOnzi, J.
London, H. Mantis, C. Mateer, A. Matthews, G. Megie and J. Russell.
Chapter 1 entitled: Chemical -radiative -dynamical model
calculations includes results from recent developments in modeling
techniques. The chapter begins with the results from a two
-dimensional model using isentropic coordinates. With prescribed
diabatic heating rates and a judicious choice of eddy diffusion
coefficients this method can produce realistic fields of several
stratospheric species. Three dimensional model simulations come
next which demon- strate ozone transport by the stationary and
transient components of the flow and emphasize the role of wave
transport of ozone during a sudden stratospheric warming. The
problem of chemical model validation is addressed in several
different approaches.
Palaeoclimatology is presently experiencing a period of rapid
growth of techniques and concepts. Studies of earth's past climates
ryrovide excellent opportunities to examine the interactions
between the atmosrhere, oceans, cryosphere and the land surfaces.
Thus, there is a growing recognition of the need of close
collaboration between palaeoclimatologists and the climate mode 11
ers. The workshop "Palaeoclimatic Research and Models (PRaM)" was
organized by the Directorate General for Science, Research and
Development within the framework of the Climatology Research
Programme of the Commission of the European Communities (CEC). The
aim of the workshop was to give to the members of the Contact Group
"Climate Models" and "Reconstitution of Past Climates" of the CEC
Climatology Research Program~e and to some invited scientists the
opportunity to discuss problems of mutual interest. About 35
experts fr.om 10 countries took nart in the workshop. In general,
palaeoclimatologists were asked to identify and discuss the data
corresponding to the three topics as defined by the programme
committee: 1) Abrupt Climate Changes 2) Initiation of Glaciation 3)
Glaciated polar regions and their impact on global climate. Climate
modellers were asked to give their views as to how these specific
problems could be modelled, what use could be ~ade of the available
palaeoclimatic data and which complementary data are needed for
modelling.
Are extreme weather events becoming more common? How do extreme
weather events impact society? These are critical questions that
must be examined as we confront the possibility that the world will
experience a change in climate over the next century. Much of the
research in climatology over the past decade has focused on
potential changes in long- term averages of temperature,
precipitation and other factors. However, it is becoming
increasingly clear that changes in average values will be
accompanied by changes in extreme events. Furthermore, extreme
weather events will impact society to a greater extent as people
around the world continue to locate in more hazard-prone areas such
as coastal zones. This book represents a major step forwards in
developing a comprehensive set of information about changes in
extreme events by providing a review of the problems in data
availability, quality and analysis that make deriving a clear
picture of world-wide changes in extreme events so difficult.
Audience: The book is intended for policy-makers, professionals,
graduate students and others interested in learning how extreme
weather events have changed, and how they impact society both now
and in the future.
Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the Commission of the
European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and
Development, and held in Brussels from November 3--5, 1986
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