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In this gripping graphic novel, a Jewish journalist encounters an
extension of the horrors of the Holocaust in North Africa. In the
lead-up to World War II, the rising tide of fascism and
antisemitism in Europe foreshadowed Hitler's genocidal campaign
against Jews. But the horrors of the Holocaust were not limited to
the concentration camps of Europe: antisemitic terror spread
through Vichy French imperial channels to France's colonies in
North Africa, where in the forced labor camps of Algeria and
Morocco, Jews and other "undesirables" faced brutal conditions and
struggled to survive in an unforgiving landscape quite unlike
Europe. In this richly historical graphic novel, historian Aomar
Boum and illustrator Nadjib Berber take us inside this lesser-known
side of the traumas wrought by the Holocaust by following one man's
journey as a Holocaust refugee. Hans Frank is a Jewish journalist
covering politics in Berlin, who grows increasingly uneasy as he
witnesses the Nazi Party consolidate power and decides to flee
Germany. Through connections with a transnational network of
activists organizing against fascism and anti-Semitism, Hans
ultimately lands in French Algeria, where days after his arrival,
the Vichy regime designates all foreign Jews as "undesirables" and
calls for their internment. On his way to Morocco, he is detained
by Vichy authorities and interned first at Le Vernet, then later
transported to different camps in the deserts of Morocco and
Algeria. With memories of his former life as a political journalist
receding like a dream, Hans spends the next year and a half in
forced labor camps, hearing the stories of others whose lives have
been upended by violence and war. Through bold, historically
inflected illustrations that convey the tension of the coming war
and the grimness of the Vichy camps, Aomar Boum and Nadjib Berber
capture the experiences of thousands of refugees through the
fictional Hans, chronicling how the traumas of the Holocaust
extended far beyond the borders of Europe.
Moroccan Jewry has a long tradition, harking back to the area's
earliest settlements and possessing deep connections and
associations with the historic peoples of the region. In Jews and
Muslims of Morocco historians, anthropologists, musicologists,
Rabbinic scholars, Arabists, and linguists examine the complex and
hybrid history of intercultural exchange between Moroccan Jewry and
the Arab and Berber cultures through analyses of the Jews' use of
Morocco's multiple languages and dialects, characteristic poetry,
and musical works as well as their shared magical rites and popular
texts and proverbs. The essays in this collection span political
and social interactions throughout history, cultural commonalities,
traditions, and halakhic developments. Acknowledging that Jewish
life in Morocco has dwindled and continues to exist primarily in
the memories of Moroccan Jewish diaspora communities, the volume
concludes with personal memories an analysis of a visual memoir,
and a photo essay of the vanished world of Jewish life in Morocco.
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North
African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of
those involved—Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and
children; black, brown, and white; the unknown and the notable;
locals, refugees, the displaced, and the interned; soldiers,
officers, bureaucrats, volunteer fighters, and the forcibly
recruited. At times their calls are lofty, full of spiritual
lamentation and political outrage. At others, they are humble,
yearning for medicine, a cigarette, or a pair of shoes. Translated
from French, Arabic, North African Judeo-Arabic, Spanish, Hebrew,
Moroccan Darija, Tamazight (Berber), Italian, and Yiddish, or
transcribed from their original English, these writings shed light
on how war, occupation, race laws, internment, and Vichy French,
Italian fascist, and German Nazi rule were experienced day by day
across North Africa. Though some selections are drawn from
published books, including memoirs, diaries, and collections of
poetry, most have never been published before, nor previously
translated into English. These human experiences, combined, make up
the history of wartime North Africa.
This book, the first-ever collection of primary documents on North
African history and the Holocaust, gives voice to the diversity of
those involved-Muslims, Christians, and Jews; women, men, and
children; black, brown, and white; the unknown and the notable;
locals, refugees, the displaced, and the interned; soldiers,
officers, bureaucrats, volunteer fighters, and the forcibly
recruited. At times their calls are lofty, full of spiritual
lamentation and political outrage. At others, they are humble,
yearning for medicine, a cigarette, or a pair of shoes. Translated
from French, Arabic, North African Judeo-Arabic, Spanish, Hebrew,
Moroccan Darija, Tamazight (Berber), Italian, and Yiddish, or
transcribed from their original English, these writings shed light
on how war, occupation, race laws, internment, and Vichy French,
Italian fascist, and German Nazi rule were experienced day by day
across North Africa. Though some selections are drawn from
published books, including memoirs, diaries, and collections of
poetry, most have never been published before, nor previously
translated into English. These human experiences, combined, make up
the history of wartime North Africa.
There is a Moroccan saying: A market without Jews is like bread
without salt. Once a thriving community, by the late 1980s, 240,000
Jews had emigrated from Morocco. Today, fewer than 4,000 Jews
remain. Despite a centuries-long presence, the Jewish narrative in
Moroccan history has largely been suppressed through national
historical amnesia, Jewish absence, and a growing dismay over the
Palestinian conflict. Memories of Absence investigates how four
successive generations remember the lost Jewish community. Moroccan
attitudes toward the Jewish population have changed over the
decades, and a new debate has emerged at the center of the Moroccan
nation: Where does the Jew fit in the context of an Arab and
Islamic monarchy? Can Jews simultaneously be Moroccans and
Zionists? Drawing on oral testimony and stories, on rumor and
humor, Aomar Boum examines the strong shift in opinion and attitude
over the generations and increasingly anti-Semitic beliefs in
younger people, whose only exposure to Jews has been through
international media and national memory.
The Holocaust is usually understood as a European story. Yet, this
pivotal episode unfolded across North Africa and reverberated
through politics, literature, memoir, and memory-Muslim as well as
Jewish-in the post-war years. The Holocaust and North Africa offers
the first English-language study of the unfolding events in North
Africa, pushing at the boundaries of Holocaust Studies and North
African Studies, and suggesting, powerfully, that neither is
complete without the other. The essays in this volume reconstruct
the implementation of race laws and forced labor across the Maghreb
during World War II and consider the Holocaust as a North African
local affair, which took diverse form from town to town and city to
city. They explore how the Holocaust ruptured Muslim-Jewish
relations, setting the stage for an entirely new post-war reality.
Commentaries by leading scholars of Holocaust history complete the
picture, reflecting on why the history of the Holocaust and North
Africa has been so widely ignored-and what we have to gain by
understanding it in all its nuances. Published in association with
the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
There is a Moroccan saying: A market without Jews is like bread
without salt. Once a thriving community, by the late 1980s, 240,000
Jews had emigrated from Morocco. Today, fewer than 4,000 Jews
remain. Despite a centuries-long presence, the Jewish narrative in
Moroccan history has largely been suppressed through national
historical amnesia, Jewish absence, and a growing dismay over the
Palestinian conflict.
"Memories of Absence" investigates how four successive generations
remember the lost Jewish community. Moroccan attitudes toward the
Jewish population have changed over the decades, and a new debate
has emerged at the center of the Moroccan nation: Where does the
Jew fit in the context of an Arab and Islamic monarchy? Can Jews
simultaneously be Moroccans and Zionists? Drawing on oral testimony
and stories, on rumor and humor, Aomar Boum examines the strong
shift in opinion and attitude over the generations and increasingly
anti-Semitic beliefs in younger people, whose only exposure to Jews
has been through international media and national memory.
A historical reference work on Morocco must take as its subject
al-maghrib al-aqsa (the far west) as the Arabic scholars have
generally referred to the approximate region of present-day
Morocco, roughly the north-west corner of Africa but at times
including much of the Iberian peninsula, because the modern
nation-state is a relatively recent creation owing much to events
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. External influences on
Morocco tend to come across the narrow straits of Gibraltar to the
north, from the east along the Mediterranean litoral, or up from
the Sahara. In each case, access is constrained by geography and
continued control from outside the region has been difficult to
manage over the long term. Although many of the dynasties that came
to power in Morocco conquered much broader regions, history and
topology have so conspired that there is still more coherence to an
historical focus on al-maghrib al-aqsa than is the case for most
modern nation-states. This third edition of Historical Dictionary
of Morocco contains a chronology, an introduction, a glossary, and
an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600
cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics,
economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an
excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone
wanting to know more about Morocco.
The Arab uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa in
the period from 2011- 2012 left an indelible mark on the
socio-political landscape of the region. But that mark was not
consistent across the region: while some countries underwent
dramatic popular social and political changes, others teetered on
the brink, or were left with the status quo intact. Street
revolutions toppled despotic regimes in Tunisia, Libya, and
momentarily in Egypt, while mounting serious challenges to
authoritarian regimes in Syria and Yemen. Algeria's entrenched
bureaucratic-cum-military authoritarian system proved resilient
until the recent events of early 2019 which forced the resignation
of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika before the end of his term on 28
April 2019. As in Algeria, protestors in Sudan succeeded, after
months of demonstrations, in overthrowing the government of Omar
al-Bashir. Several Arab monarchies still appear stable and have
managed to weather the tempest of the Arab revolutions, albeit not
without fissures showing in the edifice of their states,
accompanied by some minor constitutional changes. Where Tunisians,
Egyptians, Yemenis, Syrians, and Libyans demanded regime changes in
their political systems, protesters in the Arab monarchies have
called on the kings and emirs to reform their political system from
the top down, indicating the sizeable monarchical advantage.
Historical Dictionary of the Arab Uprisings contains a chronology,
an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary
section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on the terms, persons
and events that shaped the Arab Spring uprisings. This book is an
excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to
know more about the Arab Uprisings.
The Holocaust is usually understood as a European story. Yet, this
pivotal episode unfolded across North Africa and reverberated
through politics, literature, memoir, and memory-Muslim as well as
Jewish-in the post-war years. The Holocaust and North Africa offers
the first English-language study of the unfolding events in North
Africa, pushing at the boundaries of Holocaust Studies and North
African Studies, and suggesting, powerfully, that neither is
complete without the other. The essays in this volume reconstruct
the implementation of race laws and forced labor across the Maghreb
during World War II and consider the Holocaust as a North African
local affair, which took diverse form from town to town and city to
city. They explore how the Holocaust ruptured Muslim-Jewish
relations, setting the stage for an entirely new post-war reality.
Commentaries by leading scholars of Holocaust history complete the
picture, reflecting on why the history of the Holocaust and North
Africa has been so widely ignored-and what we have to gain by
understanding it in all its nuances. Published in association with
the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
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