Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature, light, salinity, drought stress, field capacity, pH and sowing depth on germination of Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. All experiments were laid out in completely randomized design each with four replications. Data were recorded for 15 days on parameter like germination percentage, time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time and germination index. Mean germination time and germination index were significant in both salinity and drought stress, except time to start germination and time to 50% germination which were non significant. Increasing field capacity from 0 to 100% increase emergence percentage, time to start emergence, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time and emergence index. Maximum germination was occurred at neutral pH 7. Emergence decreased with increase in sowing depth with maximum seed grown (72.50%) at soil surface 0 cm and minimum (35.00%) at 6cm.

Study on correlation and path coefficient analysis for cane yield and yield related traits in ten accession of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was conducted Analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the accessions for all the traits. The study of path analysis for yield related traits depicted that plant height, cane thickness, leaf area, internodal distance and brix value had the direct negative effects on yield. Study carried out to investigate the response of different sugarcane varieties to Callogenesis in order to analyze variation for sugarcane mosaic virus resistance. Total 26 parent plants and 64 somaclones of HSF-240 were selected for screening of virus through Das ELISA test. Four parent plants out of 26 showed negative and Ten somaclones showed positive reaction to the disease and were declared as susceptible.Somaclones produced were also analyzed by microsattelite molecular markers in order to analyze the vriation between parents and somaclones produced at molecular level.It may be concluded from the results that SSRs can be used for identification of somaclonal variation and the relationship between parents and somaclones.

Investigations were done to find out the Agro-qualitative response of forage maize (Zea mays L.), blended and intercropped with forage legumes.The experiment consisted of 10 treatments containing different combinations of maize with legumes i.e. sesbania and cluster bean.This study was focused to achieve high quantity and better quality of maize fodder.Aim of the study was to determine the more efficient method of sowing and to have a look on the most favorable combination of maize and legumes. The better sowing method and combination of legumes with non-legume fodder can provide the higher quantity and better quality of fodder to the dairy industry of Pakistan.Data on growth, yield and quality parameters was recorded by using standard procedures, statistically analyzed using Fishers analysis of variance technique and least significant difference (LSD) test at 5 % probability will be used to compare the treatment's means.Keeping in view the results of the present study, it was concluded that the good quantity and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L.) sown mixed with forage legumes can be obtained by interrow growing of maize and sesbania in 30 cm apart rows under Sahiwal conditions