This book analyzes the paradox that despite being a national security state, Pakistan has become even more insecure in the post-Cold War era. It provides an in-depth analysis of Pakistan's foreign and security policies and their implications for the overall state and society. The book identifies the immediate security challenges to Pakistan and charts the distinctive evolution of Pakistan's national security state in which the military elite became the dominant actor in the political sphere of government during and after the Cold War period. By examining the national security state, militarization, democracy and security, proxy wars, and the hyper-military-industrial complex, the author illustrates how the vanguard role of the military created considerable structural, sociopolitical, economic, and security problems in Pakistan. Furthermore, the author argues that the mismatch between Pakistan's national security stance and the transformed security environment has been facilitated and sustained by the embedded interests of the country's military-industrial complex. A critical evaluation of the role of the military in the political affairs of the government and how it has created structural problems for Pakistan, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of South Asian Politics and Security, South Asian Foreign and Security Policy, International Relations, Asian Security, and Cold War Studies.

This book analyzes the paradox that despite being a national security state, Pakistan has become even more insecure in the post-Cold War era. It provides an in-depth analysis of Pakistan's foreign and security policies and their implications for the overall state and society. The book identifies the immediate security challenges to Pakistan and charts the distinctive evolution of Pakistan's national security state in which the military elite became the dominant actor in the political sphere of government during and after the Cold War period. By examining the national security state, militarization, democracy and security, proxy wars, and the hyper-military-industrial complex, the author illustrates how the vanguard role of the military created considerable structural, sociopolitical, economic, and security problems in Pakistan. Furthermore, the author argues that the mismatch between Pakistan's national security stance and the transformed security environment has been facilitated and sustained by the embedded interests of the country's military-industrial complex. A critical evaluation of the role of the military in the political affairs of the government and how it has created structural problems for Pakistan, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of South Asian Politics and Security, South Asian Foreign and Security Policy, International Relations, Asian Security, and Cold War Studies.

Colocacia esculenta Linn is a herbaceous perennial 0.5-2 m tall, with an underground starchy corm which produces at its apex a whorl of large leaves with long robust petioles. The leaves are heart-shaped, 20 - 50 cm long, with rounded basal lobes; the leaf stalk joins the blade some distance inward from the notch between the lobes. The plant is abundantly available in the study area and is a main source of income.

Thermal effects play significant role in the design of a structure when it is supposed to work in hot environment. For this purpose a thorough analysis of structure is necessary that could precisely consider the effect of temperature change. At first an accurate thermal analysis is required that may be further followed by stress or dynamic analysis. In this work, shell finite element developed by Rolfes et al to perform 3D thermal analysis is studied using Ansys and results are found good when comparing with the 3D solid element result. The interlaminar shear stress analysis of composite plate considering thermal and mechanical loading is studied under different set up of laminate scheme and the results have been found good when compared with the available 3D elasticity results. Then, the effect of thermal stresses on natural frequency of a structure is analyzed considering as thermally prestresssed case under different laminate schemes and boundary conditions. Finaly, A stringer stiffened panel is analyzed under thermal and mechanical load. Interlaminar stresses and natural frequency are evaluated by considering the effect of thermal loading.