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STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY ITS APPLICATION TO SCIENCE, INDUSTRY AND
EDUCATION By ARTHUR W. JUDGE Associate of Royal College of Science,
London. Diplcmate of Imperial College of Science and Technology,
London, Jfbttworth Scholar. Member Royal Photographical Society.
Late Senior Technical Assistant in Charge Aerial Photography
Research, Air Ministry SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED LONDON
n, HENRIETTA STREET, W. C. 2 1935 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION SINCE
the first edition of this book was written there has been a good
deal of progress in stereoscopy, notably in its commercial and
scientific applications there has also been a number of important
developments in connection with the apparatus used for stereoscopic
methods and photography. The present edition has been partly
re-written and extended to bring it up to date in these respects no
less than 94 pages have been added for this purpose. Whilst amateur
stereoscopic photography has not made any noticeable progress in
this country, there is still an appreciable number of keen workers
enthusiastically pursuing this fascinating branch of photography.
On the Continent, however, there is much more interest taken by the
amateur in this work. The use of commercial stereoscopic
photographs has extended considerably in recent years and many
travellers representing commercial firms now carry round a
stereoscope and set of photographs to illustrate their firms
products instead of taking samples or flat photographs. One large
electrical concern has found it profitable to have most of its
spare parts photographed stereoscopically and the complete set of
views sent to all its agencies in different parts of the world.
There have been some importantdevelopments in the scientific side
in connection with optical apparatus for examining the eye and the
interior of the stomach, in microscopy, X-ray crystal analysis,
X-ray examination of materials and persons, aerial survey work,
etc. Most of these items are referred to in the present edition. A
good deal of attention has been given to the subject of
stereoscopic projection of cine pictures, in order to obtain
natural relief effects upon the screen of the cinema. Although,
from time to time, somewhat extravagant claims have been made for
certain vii PREFACE new systems, with the exception, perhaps, of
Dr. Ives limited experimental solution of the problem, none of
these appear to have been successful at the time of going to press.
The section of the original edition on stereoscopic projection has
been extended considerably and accounts are given of Dr. Ives new
method and of Bairds television scheme for trans mitting
stereoscopic pictures by wireless. In revising the earlier edition
the opportunity has been taken to correct one or two errors that
crept into it. In conclusion the author wishes to acknowledge the
valuable assistance and useful suggestions of Messrs. W. E. Dowdy
in connection with flower photography and microscopy and J. F.
Stirling in regard to miscellaneous applications of stereoscopy and
R. B. Willcock commercial photography. A. W. JUDGE. Farnham, 1935.
vni CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY . CHAPTER II THE CAUSES OF
STEREOSCOPIC VISION 4 CHAPTER III PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES IN
STEREOSCOPY ..... 34 CHAPTER IV STEREOSCOPY WITH A SINGLE LENS
CAMERA ..... 42 CHAPTER V THE SELECTION OF CAMERAS AND ACCESSORIES
..... 60 CHAPTER VI STEREOSCOPIC CAMERAS ......... 73 CHAPTER
VIITHE VIEWING OF STERKOGRAMS ...... CHAPTER VIII PHOTOGRAPHIC
PROCESSES AND NOTES .... CHAPTER IX STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY OF
SMALL OBJECTS 159 CHAPTER X THE WIDE ANGIE STEREOGRAM 166 IX
CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER XI PSEUDO-STEREOSCOPIC RESULTS 171 CHAPTER
XII MONOCULAR VISION RELIEF IMPRESSIONS 178 CHAPTER XIII SOME
STEREOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS 183 CHAPTER XIV STEREOSCOPIC APPLICATIONS
AND CURIOSITIES . . . . .195 CHAPTER XV ANAGLYPHS . . . . . . . . .
. .213 CHAPTER XVI EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS CHAPTER
XVII STEREOSCOPY AND MICROSCOPY ........
The necessity for a reprint of the previous edition of this Manual
has afforded an opportunity of bringing the information in certain
parts of the book up to date, by the addition of a new Chapter 13
which deals with the more important developments that have occurred
in the interim. This method has been adopted in order to simplify
and to expedite the preparation of the present edition. As with the
other Manuals of the Series, the elementary method of treatment of
the subject has been retained, but where considered necessary some
theoretical aspects are discussed. The previous edition has been
checked and where desirable certain minor altera tions and
improvements have been made in order to clarify the text. There
have been several important developments in electrical components
and wiring methods since the last edition, the more interesting of
which have included the wider use of electronics in the design and
construction of certain automobile parts. Examples of these are the
use of transistors, diodes and printed circuits on flat and
flexible bases, notably for instrument panels, while minia turized
versions of printed circuits are finding wider applications in
automobile components, e.g. for alternator voltage control units.
In order to assist the non-technical reader, for whom these Manuals
were originally intended, a brief outline of the theory and
applications of diodes and transistors has been included to help
him to understand the circuits using these modern components."
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imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
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STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY ITS APPLICATION TO SCIENCE, INDUSTRY AND
EDUCATION By ARTHUR W. JUDGE Associate of Royal College of Science,
London. Diplcmate of Imperial College of Science and Technology,
London, Jfbttworth Scholar. Member Royal Photographical Society.
Late Senior Technical Assistant in Charge Aerial Photography
Research, Air Ministry SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED LONDON
n, HENRIETTA STREET, W. C. 2 1935 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION SINCE
the first edition of this book was written there has been a good
deal of progress in stereoscopy, notably in its commercial and
scientific applications there has also been a number of important
developments in connection with the apparatus used for stereoscopic
methods and photography. The present edition has been partly
re-written and extended to bring it up to date in these respects no
less than 94 pages have been added for this purpose. Whilst amateur
stereoscopic photography has not made any noticeable progress in
this country, there is still an appreciable number of keen workers
enthusiastically pursuing this fascinating branch of photography.
On the Continent, however, there is much more interest taken by the
amateur in this work. The use of commercial stereoscopic
photographs has extended considerably in recent years and many
travellers representing commercial firms now carry round a
stereoscope and set of photographs to illustrate their firms
products instead of taking samples or flat photographs. One large
electrical concern has found it profitable to have most of its
spare parts photographed stereoscopically and the complete set of
views sent to all its agencies in different parts of the world.
There have been some importantdevelopments in the scientific side
in connection with optical apparatus for examining the eye and the
interior of the stomach, in microscopy, X-ray crystal analysis,
X-ray examination of materials and persons, aerial survey work,
etc. Most of these items are referred to in the present edition. A
good deal of attention has been given to the subject of
stereoscopic projection of cine pictures, in order to obtain
natural relief effects upon the screen of the cinema. Although,
from time to time, somewhat extravagant claims have been made for
certain vii PREFACE new systems, with the exception, perhaps, of
Dr. Ives limited experimental solution of the problem, none of
these appear to have been successful at the time of going to press.
The section of the original edition on stereoscopic projection has
been extended considerably and accounts are given of Dr. Ives new
method and of Bairds television scheme for trans mitting
stereoscopic pictures by wireless. In revising the earlier edition
the opportunity has been taken to correct one or two errors that
crept into it. In conclusion the author wishes to acknowledge the
valuable assistance and useful suggestions of Messrs. W. E. Dowdy
in connection with flower photography and microscopy and J. F.
Stirling in regard to miscellaneous applications of stereoscopy and
R. B. Willcock commercial photography. A. W. JUDGE. Farnham, 1935.
vni CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY . CHAPTER II THE CAUSES OF
STEREOSCOPIC VISION 4 CHAPTER III PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES IN
STEREOSCOPY ..... 34 CHAPTER IV STEREOSCOPY WITH A SINGLE LENS
CAMERA ..... 42 CHAPTER V THE SELECTION OF CAMERAS AND ACCESSORIES
..... 60 CHAPTER VI STEREOSCOPIC CAMERAS ......... 73 CHAPTER
VIITHE VIEWING OF STERKOGRAMS ...... CHAPTER VIII PHOTOGRAPHIC
PROCESSES AND NOTES .... CHAPTER IX STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY OF
SMALL OBJECTS 159 CHAPTER X THE WIDE ANGIE STEREOGRAM 166 IX
CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER XI PSEUDO-STEREOSCOPIC RESULTS 171 CHAPTER
XII MONOCULAR VISION RELIEF IMPRESSIONS 178 CHAPTER XIII SOME
STEREOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS 183 CHAPTER XIV STEREOSCOPIC APPLICATIONS
AND CURIOSITIES . . . . .195 CHAPTER XV ANAGLYPHS . . . . . . . . .
. .213 CHAPTER XVI EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS CHAPTER
XVII STEREOSCOPY AND MICROSCOPY ........
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