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The Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health varies between and within
nations, depend ing upon the level at which the battle is fought
for better cardiovascular health. According to the 1997 World
Health Report, 15 million deaths (i. e. 30% of the total number of
deaths) were attributable to cardiovascular diseases and this
number is on the rise. The projection for the year 2020 is quite
alarming with an expected cardiovascular mortality reaching 50
million. Much of this burden is projected to occur in developing
countries, more specifically in the most populous countries of the
world, namely China and India. These countries are already burdened
with infectious and parasitic diseases and are trying to eradicate
such diseases. With increasing life expectancies people all over
the world, especially in developing coun tries, are exposed to
degenerative atherosclerosis resulting in increased cardiovascu lar
mortality and morbidity. In developing countries, resources
available for health care are very limited. For example many of the
African countries spend less than $10 per person per year on
his/her entire health care let alone cardiovascular health. The
average health care budget for nearly two thirds of the global
population is well below $100 per year, on a per capita basis.
Therefore, in developing countries health promotion and primary
prevention are the frontiers by necessity. Improving awareness and
health education is not only a matter of choice but is an absolute
necessity.
Principles and Application of Evidence-Based Public Health Practice
helps clinicians who conduct population-based studies in the
community be aware of the principles and ethics involved in public
health research. Further, the book helps social scientists involved
in public health, especially regarding the medical implication of
public health practice. Community-based epidemiological research
studies are vital for any public health activities, be it
evaluation of health programs, health systems strengthening,
surveillance or preventive/promotive trials in the community. While
hospital/clinic-based research is conducted in a very controlled
setting, community trials are more practical. Community-based
studies require a fairly different set of ethical and
epidemiological principles to be followed. The same has been
reiterated in the ethical guidelines for biomedical research on
human subjects released by various national research organizations.
The Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health varies between and within
nations, depend ing upon the level at which the battle is fought
for better cardiovascular health. According to the 1997 World
Health Report, 15 million deaths (i. e. 30% of the total number of
deaths) were attributable to cardiovascular diseases and this
number is on the rise. The projection for the year 2020 is quite
alarming with an expected cardiovascular mortality reaching 50
million. Much of this burden is projected to occur in developing
countries, more specifically in the most populous countries of the
world, namely China and India. These countries are already burdened
with infectious and parasitic diseases and are trying to eradicate
such diseases. With increasing life expectancies people all over
the world, especially in developing coun tries, are exposed to
degenerative atherosclerosis resulting in increased cardiovascu lar
mortality and morbidity. In developing countries, resources
available for health care are very limited. For example many of the
African countries spend less than $10 per person per year on
his/her entire health care let alone cardiovascular health. The
average health care budget for nearly two thirds of the global
population is well below $100 per year, on a per capita basis.
Therefore, in developing countries health promotion and primary
prevention are the frontiers by necessity. Improving awareness and
health education is not only a matter of choice but is an absolute
necessity.
This book brings together technical expertise, best practices, case
studies and ground-level application of the ideas for empowering
the rural population of the world to live economically prosperous,
environmentally sustainable, and socially progressive lives, on par
or comparable with the quality of life enjoyed by the global urban
population. The idea of Smart Villages takes on greater urgency in
light of the investments made in this millennium on "Smart Cities",
taking advantage of the technological advances, particularly in
digital connectivity. These investments have and will continue to
expand the urban-rural divide, unless similar investments are made
in the villages as well. The book provides a much-needed guide for
a holistic development of a Smart Village, by defining the need,
developing the framework, and describing the delivery, complete
with successful case studies. Contributors to the book, from
Canada, USA, Africa and India bring years of academic, industry and
governmental experience, including organization of several Smart
Village conferences. The knowledge base in the book will be of
great value to anyone interested in or active in rural planning,
including governmental and non-governmental organizations,
industrial solution providers, public healthcare professionals,
public policy professionals and students, as well as rural
communities around the world. Consolidates all the aspects of
creating/developing a Smart Village; Delivers an effective tool-kit
for practitioners in the area of Smart Villages; Provides a
policy-based framework for the development of an ideal Smart
Village; Illustrates, through case studies, the fulfillment of key
requirements of a Smart Village; Brings together experts from
around the world to share their vision of a Smart Village;
Highlights the importance of balancing development with
social/gender equity and cultural traditions.
This book brings together technical expertise, best practices, case
studies and ground-level application of the ideas for empowering
the rural population of the world to live economically prosperous,
environmentally sustainable, and socially progressive lives, on par
or comparable with the quality of life enjoyed by the global urban
population. The idea of Smart Villages takes on greater urgency in
light of the investments made in this millennium on "Smart Cities",
taking advantage of the technological advances, particularly in
digital connectivity. These investments have and will continue to
expand the urban-rural divide, unless similar investments are made
in the villages as well. The book provides a much-needed guide for
a holistic development of a Smart Village, by defining the need,
developing the framework, and describing the delivery, complete
with successful case studies. Contributors to the book, from
Canada, USA, Africa and India bring years of academic, industry and
governmental experience, including organization of several Smart
Village conferences. The knowledge base in the book will be of
great value to anyone interested in or active in rural planning,
including governmental and non-governmental organizations,
industrial solution providers, public healthcare professionals,
public policy professionals and students, as well as rural
communities around the world. Consolidates all the aspects of
creating/developing a Smart Village; Delivers an effective tool-kit
for practitioners in the area of Smart Villages; Provides a
policy-based framework for the development of an ideal Smart
Village; Illustrates, through case studies, the fulfillment of key
requirements of a Smart Village; Brings together experts from
around the world to share their vision of a Smart Village;
Highlights the importance of balancing development with
social/gender equity and cultural traditions.
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