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'Anyone practising generalist paediatrics should have the material
within these chapters either hard-wired in, or at the fingertips.
This book is ideal for the primary care bookshelf...The authors
have ensured that clinicians' paediatric knowledge and skills can
only grow with familiarity of their material.' From the Foreword by
John Spicer Essential Paediatrics in Primary Care covers the entire
breadth of paediatric practice. Written by a team with frontline
experience of the challenges and dilemmas faced in diagnosing and
treating children in primary care, this practical text contains
clear, evidence-based guidance about managing children in primary
care and considers when referral to hospital is appropriate. The
concise, list-based format enables a rapid, confident and
knowledgeable diagnosis to be reached in the short time available
in general practice. This reference book is invaluable for General
Practitioners and GP trainees wanting to keep abreast of recent
progress in paediatric care, but is also ideal for nurse
practitioners, health visitors, medical students and paediatricians
considering a career in general practice.
Geo textiles have evolved as an integral part of the Technical
Textile Industry. It adds value addition and has a great export
potential. It has been used since ages, dating back to era of
Egyptian pharaohs as a support material in mud made huts to the
modern roadways, civil and military constructions. Today we see a
lot of varieties of Geo textiles product for different applications
with only one thing in common that is its worldwide demand is
increasing. Our aim is to bring about awareness among the industry,
further more to make a marketing and feasibility report for Geo
textile products that should be produced in Pakistan. In-order to
increase textile export portfolio of Pakistan Textile industry.
Additionally enhancing the exposure of the Pakistani manufacturers
to explore the vast value added market of such products.
Chemometrics is a term for describing analytical methods used for
processing large number of data for better understanding. Svante
Wold and Bruce Kowalski coined the term Chemometrics in 1970s. The
most troubling issue as a researcher of any field of science is to
identify the correct set of data. In addition, one must satisfy the
most important questions of, what, why, when and how. It is
important, because, a reviewer will raise questions over selection
of parameters and what procedure was used to identify parameters of
significance. To resolve these issues, Chemometrics are used. It is
a Mathematical and Statistical method used for better understanding
and utilization of data in all science fields. It helps in
optimization, statistical analysis and presentation of refined
data. In very simple terms, Chemometrics analysis tells us about
the significant data set out of thousands of data sets. It involves
statistical analysis, economic analysis, and material and property
analysis to identify the correct set of significant data set.
Therefore, many methods and analytical tools are available for this
purpose. Furthermore, it is based on mathematics and statistics;
hence, if any given software can perform such operations, then it
is valid for Chemometrics. In the end, it all depends on the end
user and its requirements.In this book, several methods and their
applications are discussed. In the beginning, few papers are
presented which gives an overview of different Chemometric tools
and then examples from different areas of chemistry, chemical
engineering and pharmacy are presented.
Design and integration of chemical process is the step required to
convert laboratory process into industrial scale. It calculates the
requirement of mass of raw materials and products, energy,
fabrication materials and auxiliaries such as pumps, motors,
electricity, heaters, boilers etc. On the other hand, in laboratory
environment, a chemical reaction is developed based only on
reaction success in glass beakers and final yield without much
consideration to its cost of production. Therefore, when that
reaction is transferred to large industrial scale for bulk
production, several other aspects are also considered. Among these
aspects or parameters, the first and the most important parameter
is mass balance and process type i.e. batch or continuous
production. It tells us about the requirement of each raw material
required for the process, its cost, and supply source. Then, the
total energy requirement is calculated, it includes determination
of energy released or absorbed during each step of the reaction,
and how it can be provided. Sometimes, energy from an exothermic
reaction step is extracted by heat exchangers and used in another
energy deficient reaction step. Once mass and energy requirements
are calculated, then process design considerations are determined.
It includes resident time of reactants and products in each step,
its physical condition, and type of material required for
fabrication of reaction vessels and pipes. This entire process is
iterative in nature therefore, performed several times to obtain
the most optimized process design parameters. Furthermore, each of
the above-mentioned steps are specialization in itself and requires
utmost attention to details. Therefore, in this book several
researches related to different approaches of design and
integration of chemical process are included.
Applied polymer science is the subfield of material science and
organic chemistry, which focuses on polymeric materials and their
applications. It includes polymer synthesis, recycling, bulk
production and applications in biomedical, material science,
plastic industry, fiber and composite material industry and many
more. Polymers are the backbone of current manufacturing industry,
and they are found everywhere around us including both natural and
synthetic polymers. Polymers are used for making household items,
protective coatings, bodies of electronic gadgets, solar panels,
and they are a big part of our food chain as well. Straight chain
polymers and branched polymers are the two basic types of polymers.
Among branched polymers, there are several sub categories, such as
Isotactic, Atactic, Syndiotactic and Eutactic polymers. The type of
branching determines the physical properties of the polymer, such
as their melting point, tensile strength, flexibility etc.
Therefore, in this book, several articles covering different
aspects of applied polymer science are presented. It includes
latest applications of polymeric materials, recycling of polymers,
and niche polymers, which are used in unique applications.
Industrial Chemistry is an extremely diverse field, and it covers
almost every single aspect of Chemical industry ranging from
Petrochemicals to Pharmaceuticals and biochemical. In simple terms,
Industrial Chemistry is the extension of chemistry to chemical
engineering and its application at industrial scale. Industrial
chemistry not only focuses on the general concepts of chemistry but
economics, bulk production, electronics and mechanics. Recent
advances in industry chemistry not only reduce the cost of
production, but also provide them at sustainable rate with low
environmental hazards. The advances in catalysis increases the
reaction yield hence reducing the operating cost, low fuel cost,
and mass production. The advances in green technologies produce the
already existing products with low environmental effects such as
acid recycling. The advances in waste water management and
processing reduces the risk to fresh water reservoirs. The single
most important breakthrough of industrial chemistry was development
of Haber process for synthesis of Ammonia. The Haber process
allowed large-scale synthesis of Ammonia gas at reasonable cost,
which is an important raw material for several other chemical
products such as Fertilizers and Explosives. The use of Ammonia in
production of Fertilizer called Ammonium nitrate along with use of
pesticides is attributed to increase world production by factor of
4 since 1900 on per acre basis. Therefore, in this book, several
articles covering different application areas of industrial
chemistry are presented to provide an overview of the importance of
industry chemistry.
In this book recent advances in the field of energetic materials
are reported. Energetic materials are those chemical compounds
which are used for explosions or propulsion of rockets and
artillery shells. However, energetic materials are rarely used in
their pure form but as a mixture of different other components to
enhance their properties. During the usage of these materials, one
not only has to worry about danger of unintended explosion or fire,
but also about long term health issues associated with handling of
these materials because some of them are carcinogenic. Therefore,
this book is divided into 4 sections. In the first section, a brief
introduction to different terminologies and classification of
energetic materials is given. In the second section, articles
related to processing related issues of energetic materials are
presented. In these articles, authors have described methods for
preparing nano-aluminum particles for use as fuel component in the
energetic composite formulation, where usage of nano particles not
only provides better mixing but it also increases performance. In
another article, a coating method is explained. This section also
explains the methods for casting energetic materials into desired
shapes and methods to calculate usage requirements. In third
section, different synthesis methods and crystal structure of
energetic materials are presented. In the last section, articles
related to computational studies of energetic materials, and
reports on health hazards related to them are presented. In the
last section, few articles related to environmental and health
issues associated with the use of these material are given. In
addition, some articles related to computation methods for
performance prediction are also presented.
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