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The turn of the century has been a moment of rapid urbanization.
Much of this urban growth is taking place in the cities of the
developing world and much of it in informal settlements. This book
presents cutting-edge research from various world regions to
demonstrate these trends. The contributions reveal that informal
housing is no longer the domain of the urban poor; rather it is a
significant zone of transactions for the middle-class and even
transnational elites. Indeed, the book presents a rich view of
"urban informality" as a system of regulations and norms that
governs the use of space and makes possible new forms of social and
political power. The book is organized as a "transnational"
endeavor. It brings together three regional domains of research-the
Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia-that are rarely in
conversation with one another. It also unsettles the hierarchy of
development and underdevelopment by looking at some First World
processes of informality through a Third World research lens.
Prior to 2011, popular imagination perceived the Muslim Middle East
as unchanging and unchangeable, frozen in its own traditions and
history. In "Life as Politics," Asef Bayat argues that such
presumptions fail to recognize the routine, yet important, ways in
which ordinary people make meaningful change through everyday
actions. First published just months before the Arab Spring swept
across the region, this timely and prophetic book sheds light on
the ongoing acts of protest, practice, and direct daily action.
The second edition includes three new chapters on the Arab Spring
and Iran's Green Movement and is fully updated to reflect recent
events. At heart, the book remains a study of agency in times of
constraint. In addition to ongoing protests, millions of people
across the Middle East are effecting transformation through the
discovery and creation of new social spaces within which to make
their claims heard. This eye-opening book makes an important
contribution to global debates over the meaning of social movements
and the dynamics of social change.
The revolutionary wave that swept the Middle East in 2011 was
marked by spectacular mobilization, spreading within and between
countries with extraordinary speed. Several years on, however, it
has caused limited shifts in structures of power, leaving much of
the old political and social order intact. In this book, noted
author Asef Bayat-whose Life as Politics anticipated the Arab
Spring-uncovers why this occurred, and what made these uprisings so
distinct from those that came before. Revolution without
Revolutionaries is both a history of the Arab Spring and a history
of revolution writ broadly. Setting the 2011 uprisings side by side
with the revolutions of the 1970s, particularly the Iranian
Revolution, Bayat reveals a profound global shift in the nature of
protest: as acceptance of neoliberal policy has spread, radical
revolutionary impulses have diminished. Protestors call for reform
rather than fundamental transformation. By tracing the contours and
illuminating the meaning of the 2011 uprisings, Bayat gives us the
book needed to explain and understand our post-Arab Spring world.
Prior to 2011, popular imagination perceived the Muslim Middle East
as unchanging and unchangeable, frozen in its own traditions and
history. In "Life as Politics," Asef Bayat argues that such
presumptions fail to recognize the routine, yet important, ways in
which ordinary people make meaningful change through everyday
actions. First published just months before the Arab Spring swept
across the region, this timely and prophetic book sheds light on
the ongoing acts of protest, practice, and direct daily action.
The second edition includes three new chapters on the Arab Spring
and Iran's Green Movement and is fully updated to reflect recent
events. At heart, the book remains a study of agency in times of
constraint. In addition to ongoing protests, millions of people
across the Middle East are effecting transformation through the
discovery and creation of new social spaces within which to make
their claims heard. This eye-opening book makes an important
contribution to global debates over the meaning of social movements
and the dynamics of social change.
From a leading scholar of the Middle East and North Africa comes a
new way of thinking about the Arab Spring and the meaning of
revolution. From the standpoint of revolutionary politics, the Arab
Spring can seem like a wasted effort. In Tunisia, where the wave of
protest began, as well as in Egypt and the Gulf, regime change
never fully took hold. Yet if the Arab Spring failed to disrupt the
structures of governments, the movement was transformative in
farms, families, and factories, souks and schools. Seamlessly
blending field research, on-the-ground interviews, and social
theory, Asef Bayat shows how the practice of everyday life in Egypt
and Tunisia was fundamentally altered by revolutionary activity.
Women, young adults, the very poor, and members of the underground
queer community can credit the Arab Spring with steps toward
equality and freedom. There is also potential for further progress,
as women's rights in particular now occupy a firm place in public
discourse, preventing retrenchment and ensuring that marginalized
voices remain louder than in prerevolutionary days. In addition,
the Arab Spring empowered workers: in Egypt alone, more than
700,000 farmers unionized during the years of protest. Labor
activism brought about material improvements for a wide range of
ordinary people and fostered new cultural and political norms that
the forces of reaction cannot simply wish away. In Bayat's telling,
the Arab Spring emerges as a paradigmatic case of
"refolution"-revolution that engenders reform rather than radical
change. Both a detailed study and a moving appeal, Revolutionary
Life identifies the social gains that were won through resistance.
The revolutionary wave that swept the Middle East in 2011 was
marked by spectacular mobilization, spreading within and between
countries with extraordinary speed. Several years on, however, it
has caused limited shifts in structures of power, leaving much of
the old political and social order intact. In this book, noted
author Asef Bayat—whose Life as Politics anticipated the Arab
Spring—uncovers why this occurred, and what made these uprisings
so distinct from those that came before. Revolution without
Revolutionaries is both a history of the Arab Spring and a history
of revolution writ broadly. Setting the 2011 uprisings side by side
with the revolutions of the 1970s, particularly the Iranian
Revolution, Bayat reveals a profound global shift in the nature of
protest: as acceptance of neoliberal policy has spread, radical
revolutionary impulses have diminished. Protestors call for reform
rather than fundamental transformation. By tracing the contours and
illuminating the meaning of the 2011 uprisings, Bayat gives us the
book needed to explain and understand our post–Arab Spring world.
Whether Islam is compatible with democracy is an increasingly asked
question, but ultimately a misguided one. In this book, Asef Bayat
proposes that democratic ideals have less to do with the essence of
any religion than with how it is practiced. He offers a new
approach to Islam and democracy, outlining how the social struggles
of student organizations, youth and women's groups, the
intelligentsia, and other social movements can make Islam
democratic. Making Islam Democratic examines in detail those social
movements that have used religion to unleash social and political
change, either to legitimize authoritarian rule or, in contrast, to
construct an inclusive faith that embraces a democratic polity. It
provides a fresh analysis of Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution-how it
has evolved into the pervasive, post-Islamist reform movement of
the early twenty-first century, and how it differed from Egypt's
religious "passive revolution." Focusing on events from the Iranian
Revolution to the current day, with a comparative focus on
Islamism, post-Islamism, and active religious expression across the
region, Bayat explores the highly contested relationship between
religion, politics, and the quotidian in the Middle East. His book
provides an important understanding of the great anxiety of our
time-the global march of "Muslim rage"-and offers a hopeful picture
of a democratic Middle East.
In the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, an active political
movement emerged on the streets of Iran's largest cities. Poor
people began to construct their own communities on unused urban
lands, creating an infrastructure----roads, electricity, running
water, garbage collection, and shelters----all their own. As the
Iranian government attempted to evict these illegal settlers, they
resisted----fiercely and ultimately successfully. This is the story
of their economic and political strategies.
The turn of the century has been a moment of rapid urbanization.
Much of this urban growth is taking place in the cities of the
developing world and much of it in informal settlements. This book
presents cutting-edge research from various world regions to
demonstrate these trends. The contributions reveal that informal
housing is no longer the domain of the urban poor; rather it is a
significant zone of transactions for the middle-class and even
transnational elites. Indeed, the book presents a rich view of
'urban informality' as a system of regulations and norms that
governs the use of space and makes possible new forms of social and
political power. The book is organized as a 'transnational'
endeavor. It brings together three regional domains of
research—the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia—that
are rarely in conversation with one another. It also unsettles the
hierarchy of development and underdevelopment by looking at some
First World processes of informality through a Third World research
lens.
Localities, countries, and regions develop through complex
interactions with others. This striking volume highlights global
interconnectedness seen through the prism of the Middle East, both
"global-in" and "global-out." It delves into the region's
scientific, artistic, economic, political, religious, and
intellectual formations and traces how they have taken shape
through a dynamic set of encounters and exchanges. Written in short
and accessible essays by prominent experts on the region, Global
Middle East covers topics including God, Rumi, food, film, fashion,
music, sports, science, and the flow of people, goods, and ideas.
The text explores social and political movements from human rights,
Salafism, and cosmopolitanism to radicalism and revolutions. Using
the insights of global studies, students will glean new
perspectives about the region.
What does it mean to be marginalized? Is it a passive condition
that the disadvantaged simply have to endure? Or is it a
manufactured label, reproduced and by its nature transitory? In the
wake of the new uprising in Egypt, this insightful collection
explores issues of power, politics and inequality in Egypt and the
Middle East. It argues that the notion of marginality tends to mask
the true power relations that perpetuate poverty and exclusion. It
is these dynamic processes of political and economic transformation
that need explanation. The book provides a revealing analysis of
key areas of Egyptian political economy, such as labour,
urbanization and the creation of slums, disability, refugees,
street children, and agrarian livelihoods, reaching the impactful
conclusion that marginalization does not mean total exclusion. What
is marginalized can be called upon to play a dynamic part in the
future -- as is the case with the revolution that toppled President
Mubarak.
Localities, countries, and regions develop through complex
interactions with others. This striking volume highlights global
interconnectedness seen through the prism of the Middle East, both
"global-in" and "global-out." It delves into the region's
scientific, artistic, economic, political, religious, and
intellectual formations and traces how they have taken shape
through a dynamic set of encounters and exchanges. Written in short
and accessible essays by prominent experts on the region, Global
Middle East covers topics including God, Rumi, food, film, fashion,
music, sports, science, and the flow of people, goods, and ideas.
The text explores social and political movements from human rights,
Salafism, and cosmopolitanism to radicalism and revolutions. Using
the insights of global studies, students will glean new
perspectives about the region.
At least since the Islamic revolution of 1979 in Iran, political
Islam or Islamism has been the focus of attention among scholars,
policymakers, and the general public. Much has been said about
Islamism as a political and moral/ethical trend, but scant
attention is paid to its ongoing development. There is now a
growing acknowledgment within the scholarly and policy communities
that Islamism is in the throes of transformation, but little is
known about the nature and direction of these changes. The essays
of Post-Islamism bring together young and established scholars and
activists from different parts of the Muslim World and the West to
discuss their research on the changing discourses and practices of
Islamist movements and Islamic states largely in the Muslim
majority countries. The changes in these movements can be termed
'post-Islamism,' defined both as a condition and a project
characterized by the fusion of religiosity and rights, faith and
freedom, Islam and liberty. Post-Islamism emphasizes rights rather
than merely obligation, plurality instead of singular authoritative
voice, historicity rather than fixed scriptures, and the future
instead of the past.
"This is an excellent collection of essays on youth in a number of
Muslim majority (and minority) societies in the context of
globalization and modernity. A particular strength of this volume
is its ability to highlight the multiple and contested roles of
religion and personal faith in the fashioning of contemporary
youthful Muslim identities. Such insights often challenge secular
Western master narratives of modernity and suggest credible
reconceptualizations of what it means to be young and modern in a
broad swath of the world today."
-- Asma Afsaruddin, Professor of Islamic Studies, Indiana
University
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of interest in
youth issues and Muslim youth in particular. Young Muslims have
been thrust into the global spotlight in relation to questions
about security and extremism, work and migration, and rights and
citizenship. This book interrogates the cultures and politics of
Muslim youth in the global South and North to understand their
trajectories, conditions, and choices. Drawing on wide-ranging
research from Indonesia to Iran and Germany to the U.S., it shows
that while the majority of young Muslims share many common social,
political, and economic challenges, they exhibit remarkably diverse
responses to them. Far from being "exceptional," young Muslims
often have as much in common with their non-Muslim global
generational counterparts as they share among themselves. As they
migrate, forge networks, innovate in the arts, master the tools of
new media, and assert themselves in the public sphere, Muslim youth
have emerged as important cultural and political actors on a world
stage.
"This is an excellent collection of essays on youth in a number of
Muslim majority (and minority) societies in the context of
globalization and modernity. A particular strength of this volume
is its ability to highlight the multiple and contested roles of
religion and personal faith in the fashioning of contemporary
youthful Muslim identities. Such insights often challenge secular
Western master narratives of modernity and suggest credible
reconceptualizations of what it means to be young and modern in a
broad swath of the world today."
-- Asma Afsaruddin, Professor of Islamic Studies, Indiana
University
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of interest in
youth issues and Muslim youth in particular. Young Muslims have
been thrust into the global spotlight in relation to questions
about security and extremism, work and migration, and rights and
citizenship. This book interrogates the cultures and politics of
Muslim youth in the global South and North to understand their
trajectories, conditions, and choices. Drawing on wide-ranging
research from Indonesia to Iran and Germany to the U.S., it shows
that while the majority of young Muslims share many common social,
political, and economic challenges, they exhibit remarkably diverse
responses to them. Far from being "exceptional," young Muslims
often have as much in common with their non-Muslim global
generational counterparts as they share among themselves. As they
migrate, forge networks, innovate in the arts, master the tools of
new media, and assert themselves in the public sphere, Muslim youth
have emerged as important cultural and political actors on a world
stage.
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