The text comprehensively discusses tracking architecture under stochastic and deterministic frameworks and presents experimental results under each framework with qualitative and quantitative analysis. It covers deep learning techniques for feature extraction, template matching, and training the networks in tracking algorithms. Discusses performance metrics for visual tracking in comparing the efficiency and effectiveness of available datasets. Covers performance metrics such as center location error, F-Measure, area under control, distance precision, and overlap precision. Compares the performance of deep learning trackers with traditional methods, wherein hand-crafted features were fused to reduce the computational complexity. Illustrates stochastic framework for visual tracking such as probabilistic methods in the Bayesian framework for state estimation. The text presents both traditional and advanced methods such as stochastic, deterministic, generative, discriminative framework, and deep learning-based appearance models. It further highlights the use of deep learning for feature extraction, template matching, and training the networks in tracking algorithms. The book covers context-aware, and super pixel-based correlation filter tracking. The text is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology.

This reference book compiles updated research on non-coding RNAs and their role in producing high-yielding plants with higher productivity under changing climates. Plant non-coding RNAs are emerging as the key regulators of plant responses to climate change and environmental stresses. The book covers the sequencing, identification, prediction, identification, characterization, and targets of non-coding RNAs to engineer high-yielding crops. It also includes in silico tools and databases to study them. Key features- Discusses the different types of non-coding RNAs including lnc-RNAs, siRNA, microRNAs, and tasiRNAs Covers the role of plant non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation of environmental stress response and tolerance Reviews the role of non-coding RNAs under environmental stresses like drought, water logging, salinity, extreme temperature, UV, heavy metals, and xenobiotics Explores the use of non-coding RNAs in transgenic crops and genome editing Describes the biogenesis, history, and classification of non-coding RNAs in plants The book provides a mix of basic and advanced information for postgraduate students, researchers, and scientists in the fields of plant molecular biology, biotechnology, food security, and agriculture.

In today’s era, there is a need for a system that can automate the process of treatment for the patient if medical facilities are out of reach. Smart healthcare can step in to make the patient more self-dependent. 6G with its features can be taken as the future of smart healthcare with IoT and AI. 6G-enabled IoT and AI for Smart Healthcare: Challenges, Impact, and Analysis offers the fundamentals, history, reality, and challenges faced in the smart healthcare industry today. It discusses the concepts, tools, and techniques of smart healthcare as well as the analysis used. The book details the role that Machine Learning-based Deep Learning and 6G-enabled IoT concepts play in the automation of smart healthcare systems. The book goes on to presents applications of smart healthcare through various real-world examples and includes chapters on security and privacy in the 6G-enabled and IoT environment, as well as research on the future prospects of the smart healthcare industry. This book: Offers the fundamentals, history, reality, and the challenges faced in the smart healthcare industry Discusses the concepts, tools, and techniques of smart healthcare as well as the analysis used Details the role that Machine Learning-based Deep Learning and 6G enabled IoT concepts play in the automation of smart healthcare systems Presents applications of smart healthcare through various real-world examples Includes topics on security and privacy in 6G enabled IoT, as well as research and future prospectus of the smart healthcare industry Interested readers of this book will include anyone working in or involved in smart healthcare research which includes, but is not limited to healthcare specialists, Computer Science Engineers, Electronics Engineers, Systems Engineers, and Pharmaceutical practitioners.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have emerged as a unifying name for systems where cyber parts (i.e., the computing and communication parts) and physical parts are tightly integrated, both in design and during operation. Such systems use computations and communication deeply embedded in and interacting with human physical processes as well as augmenting existing and adding new capabilities. As such, CPS is an integration of computation, networking, and physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. The economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what has been realized, and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology. Artificial Intelligence Paradigms for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems focuses on the recent advances in Artificial intelligence-based approaches towards affecting secure cyber-physical systems. This book presents investigations on state-of-the-art research issues, applications, and achievements in the field of computational intelligence paradigms for CPS. Covering topics that include autonomous systems, access control, machine learning, and intrusion detection and prevention systems, this book is ideally designed for engineers, industry professionals, practitioners, scientists, managers, students, academicians, and researchers seeking current research on artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems.

Experience the eco-friendly breakthrough in corrosion mitigation through functionalized thin fi lm coatings! This book delves deep into the cutting-edge advancements in synthesizing and applying functionalized thin fi lm coatings to safeguard metals and alloys by replacing commercially available toxic inhibitors. It includes an overview, of properties, applications, and methodologies to detect and inhibit corrosion.

A significant component of many different ecosystems, cyanobacteria occupy almost every niche of the earth, including fresh and salt waters, rice fields, hot springs, arid deserts, and polar regions. Cyanobacteria, along with algae, produce nearly half the global oxygen, making assessment of their ecophysiologies important for understanding climate impacts and potential remediation. Stress Biology of Cyanobacteria: Molecular Mechanisms to Cellular Responses is a compilation of holistic responses of cyanobacteria, ranging from ecological and physiological to the modern aspects of their molecular biology, genomics, and biochemistry. Covering almost every aspect of cyanobacterial stress biology, this book is divided into two parts: Bioenergetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance and Cellular Responses and Ecophysiology. The first few chapters focus on the molecular bioenergetics of photosynthesis and respiration in cyanobacteria, and provide a clear perspective on different stress tolerance mechanisms. Part I also covers the effect of specific stresses-including heavy metal, high and low temperature, salt, osmotic, and UV-B stress-on a wide range of vital physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes of cyanobacteria. Part II describes mechanisms of symbiosis, stress-induced bioproducts, and the role of environmental factors on nitrogen fixation, which along with photosynthesis is a major contributor to the current geochemical status of the planet. The text also covers mutation and cyanobacterial adaptation, and the most widely studied cyanotoxin, microcystin, which has effects on both human and animal health. With contributions from experts around the world, representing the global importance of cyanobacteria, this book provides a broad compilation of research that deals with cyanobacterial stress responses in both controlled laboratory conditions as well as in their natural environment.

A significant component of many different ecosystems, cyanobacteria occupy almost every niche of the earth, including fresh and salt waters, rice fields, hot springs, arid deserts, and polar regions. Cyanobacteria, along with algae, produce nearly half the global oxygen, making assessment of their ecophysiologies important for understanding climate impacts and potential remediation. Stress Biology of Cyanobacteria: Molecular Mechanisms to Cellular Responses is a compilation of holistic responses of cyanobacteria, ranging from ecological and physiological to the modern aspects of their molecular biology, genomics, and biochemistry. Covering almost every aspect of cyanobacterial stress biology, this book is divided into two parts: Bioenergetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance and Cellular Responses and Ecophysiology. The first few chapters focus on the molecular bioenergetics of photosynthesis and respiration in cyanobacteria, and provide a clear perspective on different stress tolerance mechanisms. Part I also covers the effect of specific stresses-including heavy metal, high and low temperature, salt, osmotic, and UV-B stress-on a wide range of vital physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes of cyanobacteria. Part II describes mechanisms of symbiosis, stress-induced bioproducts, and the role of environmental factors on nitrogen fixation, which along with photosynthesis is a major contributor to the current geochemical status of the planet. The text also covers mutation and cyanobacterial adaptation, and the most widely studied cyanotoxin, microcystin, which has effects on both human and animal health. With contributions from experts around the world, representing the global importance of cyanobacteria, this book provides a broad compilation of research that deals with cyanobacterial stress responses in both controlled laboratory conditions as well as in their natural environment.

Corrosion Science and Engineering is now an integral part of research throughout the world. Researchers are actively looking for an alternative eco-friendly way of developing non-toxic corrosion inhibitors from natural sources. This book discusses all the recent advancements in the corrosion field with an emphasis on natural sources which is the demand of the era to replace the commercially available toxic corrosion inhibitors.

Initially written to pull together scattered literature in polymer science and textile technology, the first edition of Coated Textiles: Principles and Applications became a gold standard resource in this field. Completely revised and updated, this second edition reflects not only the latest developments in the field, but also explores future possibilities. The book covers the materials used in coatings and their chemistry, textile substrates, coating methods, properties of fabrics after coating, rheology of coating, applications of coated fabrics, and test methods in chronological order. New topics in the Second Edition: * Coating with stimuli-sensitive polymers and intelligent textiles * Nanomaterial coating to produce soil-resistant fabrics * Breathable coating for health care garments * Adhesives and foam for laminates * Research trends such as temperature-adaptable fabrics, silicone coating for airbag fabrics, healthcare garments, intumescent coating, coating materials, and coating methods The author provides a detailed discussion that includes diverse applications of coated fabrics, rheology, smart coating, physical properties of coated fabrics, as well as the underlying principles of test methods. The book includes applications and explores coating with functional materials such as dyes, fragrances, phase change materials, smart polymers and nanomaterials for special applications. With applications in defense, transportation, healthcare, architecture, space, sports, environmental pollution control, and other diverse end-product uses, coated textiles is a multibillion dollar industry. Following in the footsteps of its bestselling predecessor, the second edition compiles information from various sources into one convenient, easily accessible resource.

This two-volume set (CCIS 1393 and CCIS 1394) constitutes selected and revised papers of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2020, held in Gurugram, India, in December 2020. The 34 revised full papers and 51 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 306 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; networks; security and privacy.

This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the First International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Computational Intelligence (ICTSCI 2019), which was organized by Sri Balaji College of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on March 29-30, 2019. It covers emerging topics in computational intelligence and effective strategies for its implementation in engineering applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research , ICAICR 2017, held in Jalandhar, India, in March 2017. The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 312 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies, information systems, security and privacy, network services.

Plant nutrients are the vital elements essential for plant growth and survival, with key roles in adapting to challenging environments. Each nutrient, whether required in relatively large (macronutrients) or minute concentrations (micronutrients) plays a unique role in plant life cycle. Both the insufficient and surplus concentrations of these nutrients may render negative impacts on plant growth and development and therefore their homeostasis is considered critical for optimal plant growth and yield. Plant Nutrition and Food Security in the Era of Climate Change comprehensively reviews all critical plant nutrients. Chapters include topics such as: biological roles, uptake and transport of vital nutrients in plants; an in-depth review of the roles of potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace element; molecular breeding approaches for enhanced plant nutrients; and exploring the rhizosphere microbiome for enhance nutrient availability. Written by leading experts in the field of plant biology, this is an essential read for researchers and scientists interested in plant science, agronomy, food security and environmental science.

This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the Second International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Computational Intelligence (ICTSCI 2021) held at Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India, during May 22-23, 2021. It covers emerging topics in computational intelligence and effective strategies for its implementation in engineering applications.

With the increase in urban population, it became necessary to keep track of the object of interest. In favor of SDGs for sustainable smart city, with the advancement in technology visual tracking extends to track multi-target present in the scene rather estimating location for single target only. In contrast to single object tracking, multi-target introduces one extra step of detection. Tracking multi-target includes detecting and categorizing the target into multiple classes in the first frame and provides each individual target an ID to keep its track in the subsequent frames of a video stream. One category of multi-target algorithms exploits global information to track the target of the detected target. On the other hand, some algorithms consider present and past information of the target to provide efficient tracking solutions. Apart from these, deep leaning-based algorithms provide reliable and accurate solutions. But, these algorithms are computationally slow when applied in real-time. This book presents and summarizes the various visual tracking algorithms and challenges in the domain. The various feature that can be extracted from the target and target saliency prediction is also covered. It explores a comprehensive analysis of the evolution from traditional methods to deep learning methods, from single object tracking to multi-target tracking. In addition, the application of visual tracking and the future of visual tracking can also be introduced to provide the future aspects in the domain to the reader. This book also discusses the advancement in the area with critical performance analysis of each proposed algorithm. This book will be formulated with intent to uncover the challenges and possibilities of efficient and effective tracking of single or multi-object, addressing the various environmental and hardware challenges.  The intended audience includes academicians, engineers, postgraduate students, developers, professionals, military personals, scientists, data analysts, practitioners, and people who are interested in exploring more about tracking.· Another projected audience are the researchers and academicians who identify and develop methodologies, frameworks, tools, and applications through reference citations, literature reviews, quantitative/qualitative results, and discussions.

This volume constitutes selected and revised papers of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2021, held in Gurugram, India, in December 2021. The 17 revised full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 306 submissions. The papers targeted state-of-the-art as well as emerging topics pertaining to advanced informatics for computing research and its implementation for engineering applications.

This two-volume set (CCIS 1393 and CCIS 1394) constitutes selected and revised papers of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2020, held in Gurugram, India, in December 2020. The 34 revised full papers and 51 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 306 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; networks; security and privacy.

This book covers new developments and advances in the field of Computational Strategies for next-generation computing. The contributing authors share diverse perspectives on and extensive discussions of issues concerning the theory, applications, and future prospects. Addressing computing methodologies, hardware information systems and networks, this interdisciplinary book will appeal to all scholars with an interest in computing methodologies, hardware information systems and networks.

This two-volume set (CCIS 1075 and CCIS 1076) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2019, held in Shimla, India, in June 2019. The 78 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; information systems; networks; software and its engineering.

This two-volume set (CCIS 1075 and CCIS 1076) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2019, held in Shimla, India, in June 2019. The 78 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; information systems; networks; software and its engineering.

This two-volume set (CCIS 955 and CCIS 956) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2018, held in Shimla, India, in July 2018. The 122 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 427 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computing methodologies; hardware; information systems; networks; security and privacy; computing methodologies.