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Open microfluidics, the study of microflows having a boundary with
surrounding air, encompasses different aspects such as paper or
thread-based microfluidics, droplet microfluidics and open-channel
microfluidics. Open-channel microflow is a flow at the micro-scale,
guided by solid structures, and having at least a free boundary
(with air or vapor) other than the advancing meniscus. This book is
devoted to the study of open-channel microfluidics which (contrary
to paper or thread or droplet microfluidics) is still very sparsely
documented, but bears many new applications in biology,
biotechnology, medicine, material and space sciences. Capillarity
being the principal force triggering an open microflow, the
principles of capillarity are first recalled. The onset of
open-channel microflow is next analyzed and the fundamental notion
of generalized Cassie angle (the apparent contact angle which
accounts for the presence of air) is presented. The theory of the
dynamics of open-channel microflows is then developed, using the
notion of averaged friction length which accounts for the presence
of air along the boundaries of the flow domain. Different channel
morphologies are studied and geometrical features such as valves
and capillary pumps are examined. An introduction to two-phase
open-channel microflows is also presented showing that immiscible
plugs can be transported by an open-channel flow. Finally, a
selection of interesting applications in the domains of space,
materials, medicine and biology is presented, showing the
potentialities of open-channel microfluidics.
Open microfluidics, the study of microflows having a boundary with
surrounding air, encompasses different aspects such as paper or
thread-based microfluidics, droplet microfluidics and open-channel
microfluidics. Open-channel microflow is a flow at the micro-scale,
guided by solid structures, and having at least a free boundary
(with air or vapor) other than the advancing meniscus. This book is
devoted to the study of open-channel microfluidics which (contrary
to paper or thread or droplet microfluidics) is still very sparsely
documented, but bears many new applications in biology,
biotechnology, medicine, material and space sciences. Capillarity
being the principal force triggering an open microflow, the
principles of capillarity are first recalled. The onset of
open-channel microflow is next analyzed and the fundamental notion
of generalized Cassie angle (the apparent contact angle which
accounts for the presence of air) is presented. The theory of the
dynamics of open-channel microflows is then developed, using the
notion of averaged friction length which accounts for the presence
of air along the boundaries of the flow domain. Different channel
morphologies are studied and geometrical features such as valves
and capillary pumps are examined. An introduction to two-phase
open-channel microflows is also presented showing that immiscible
plugs can be transported by an open-channel flow. Finally, a
selection of interesting applications in the domains of space,
materials, medicine and biology is presented, showing the
potentialities of open-channel microfluidics.
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