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This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of
Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and
applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a
resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design
and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope
is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for
low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing
electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly
interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social
sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The
opening section reviews the history of "technology-for-development"
research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of
work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It
identifies common challenges in development and explains the book's
iterative approach of "innovation, implementation, evaluation,
adaptation." Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a
different sector: energy and environment; market performance;
education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital
governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case
studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering
innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social
sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or
scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form,
with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity
and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful
solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the
rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the
core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case
studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and
scientists will face in designing technology interventions that
sustainably accelerate economic development. Development
Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual
framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global
climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers
the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new
generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social
justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities
around the world.
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