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The 21st century will witness the collision of two powerful forces
- burgeoning population growth, together with a changing climate.
With population growth, water scarcity will proliferate to new
areas across the globe. And with climate change, rainfall will
become more fickle, with longer and deeper periods of droughts and
deluges. This report presents new evidence to advance understanding
on how rainfall shocks coupled with water scarcity, impacts farms,
firms, and families. On farms, the largest consumers of water in
the world, impacts are channeled from declining yields to changing
landscapes. In cities, water extremes especially when combined with
unreliable infrastructure can stall firm production, sales, and
revenue. At the center of this are families, who feel the impacts
of this uncertainty on their incomes, jobs, and long-term health
and welfare. Although a rainfall shock may be fleeting, its
consequences can become permanent and shape the destiny of those
who experience it. Pursuing business as usual will lead many
countries down a 'parched path' where droughts shape destinies.
Avoiding this misery in slow motion will call for fundamental
changes to water policy around the globe. Building resilience to
rainfall variability will require using different policy
instruments to address the multifaceted nature of water. A key
message of this report is that water has multiple economic
attributes, each of which entail distinct policy responses. If
water is not managed more prudently--from source, to tap, and back
to source--the crises observed today will become the catastrophes
of tomorrow.
Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) is an effective
low-voltage, off-line diagnostic tool; used for finding out any
possible winding displacement or mechanical damage inside the
transformer. In this method, the frequency response of a
transformer is taken both at manufacturing industry and concern
site. Then both the response is compared to predict the fault
location/type in the transformer. But in old/aged transformers, the
primary reference response is unavailable. So, Cross Correlation
Co-Efficient (CCF) measurement technique can be an approach for
fault detection in these transformers. In this book, mathematical
analysis of transfer function for SFRA technique has been
elaborated, mathematical model for calculating CCF between SFRA
curves has been programmed and through several case studies, the
developed model has been applied on some faulty transformers. It
has been found that theoretically predicted results using CCF
matches with practical results which indicate the effectiveness of
the proposed method. This book will be very helpful for Testing
& Commissioning Engineers of transformer manufacturing and
electricity utility companies to have introductory idea about SFRA.
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