Recent advances in diagnostic technology, including imaging, gene analysis and histopathology, form one cornerstone of this update for health care specialists treating patients with musculoskeletal cancer. The other cornerstone consists of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as highlights in surgical treatment and rehabilitation. The complete structure conveys a systematic understanding of musculoskeletal oncology, with sections on limb saving procedures, reconstruction methods of bone and soft tissues, tumor prosthesis and spinal reconstruction in metastatic bone tumors. All the information is placed under the encompassing goal of total care for the patient.