Buffalo is the most common milch animal reared after cattle in the world. Buffalo has unique ability to utilize coarse feed straw and crop residue and convert them into protein and fat rich lean meat. Today, in buffalo rearing countries, buffalo is recognized as farmers milk machine. The reproductive performance of buffaloes is not good as compared to the cattle. There are many ways to improve the reproductive performance in buffaloes. The one is synchronization protocols to synchronize the buffalo cows to get effective reproductive performance and to enhance the production in terms of milk, meat and draught power. The study was conducted to identify the type of synchronization protocol was suitable for buffalo heifers in tropical countries. This study was based on the different CIDR (CIDR + GnRH, CIDR +E V and CIDR + GnRH+PGF2 ) based synchronization protocols and fixed-time artificial insemination in buffalo heifers. The study will help the buffalo farmers to select a suitable synchronization protocol to enhance the reproductive and productive performance in cost effective manner."