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The scope of work included the compilation and presentation of "a
cultural overview of the City Point area that includes the
placement of prehistoric and historic resources in the context of
James River and Chesapeake archaeology." The following report
presents this cultural overview of City Point, beginning with
evidence for Paleo- Indian activity in the James River region and
concluding with a consideration of the twentieth-century history
and landscape of the City Point Unit of the Petersburg National
Battlefield. Particular attention is paid to the role of the site
as a protohistoric Appomattuck village; to the possibility that
City Point is the location of the 1613-1622 English village of
Charles City; and to the centrality of the African American
experience at City Point from at least as early as 1635 through to
the present. Specific recommendations incorporated in the cultural
overview include the necessity for a comprehensive archaeological
survey of the City Point property to ascertain the location and
preservation of significant buried resources, which can be drawn
upon for future research and interpretation into the whole of human
history at the site. Another critical recommendation of the report
is the need to address the maritime resources associated with City
Point, and the ongoing threats to their integrity, which include
extensive looting of shipwrecks and material culture in the James
and Appomattox Rivers in territory administered by the National
Park Service, as well as the ongoing impact of erosion of the
bluffs at City Point.
The period c. 1200-1600 was marked by the achievements and decline
of the Anglo-Norman colony in Ireland, refashioning of Gaelic elite
identity, Reformation, and reassertion of English control that led
to Plantation projects, bringing new people and ideas to the
island. This collection explores the complexities and predicaments
of identity, and the cultural practices used to express and
underpin them in this key period, ranging from the micro-scale and
personal to the macro-scale emergence of ideas of national
identity. The authors consider the extent to which there was a
relational character to identities in Ireland, whereby senses of
being were constructed through engagements with others, and how the
power of the past, in both framing and providing stability for
identity formulations, is explicit in the ways in which groups
intentionally evoked their own histories and connections to place,
to reaffirm and bolster identity and solidarity. Cultural practices
could become naturalised through repetition and, as reflections of
identity, they were formed, transformed or abandoned when necessary
or expedient.
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