The scope of work included the compilation and presentation of "a cultural overview of the City Point area that includes the placement of prehistoric and historic resources in the context of James River and Chesapeake archaeology." The following report presents this cultural overview of City Point, beginning with evidence for Paleo- Indian activity in the James River region and concluding with a consideration of the twentieth-century history and landscape of the City Point Unit of the Petersburg National Battlefield. Particular attention is paid to the role of the site as a protohistoric Appomattuck village; to the possibility that City Point is the location of the 1613-1622 English village of Charles City; and to the centrality of the African American experience at City Point from at least as early as 1635 through to the present. Specific recommendations incorporated in the cultural overview include the necessity for a comprehensive archaeological survey of the City Point property to ascertain the location and preservation of significant buried resources, which can be drawn upon for future research and interpretation into the whole of human history at the site. Another critical recommendation of the report is the need to address the maritime resources associated with City Point, and the ongoing threats to their integrity, which include extensive looting of shipwrecks and material culture in the James and Appomattox Rivers in territory administered by the National Park Service, as well as the ongoing impact of erosion of the bluffs at City Point.

The period c. 1200-1600 was marked by the achievements and decline of the Anglo-Norman colony in Ireland, refashioning of Gaelic elite identity, Reformation, and reassertion of English control that led to Plantation projects, bringing new people and ideas to the island. This collection explores the complexities and predicaments of identity, and the cultural practices used to express and underpin them in this key period, ranging from the micro-scale and personal to the macro-scale emergence of ideas of national identity. The authors consider the extent to which there was a relational character to identities in Ireland, whereby senses of being were constructed through engagements with others, and how the power of the past, in both framing and providing stability for identity formulations, is explicit in the ways in which groups intentionally evoked their own histories and connections to place, to reaffirm and bolster identity and solidarity. Cultural practices could become naturalised through repetition and, as reflections of identity, they were formed, transformed or abandoned when necessary or expedient.