Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Written from a public international lawyer's perspective, this short but significant book gives a broad overview of international investment law (IIL), explaining core concepts of investment protection, their evolution, and how investment tribunals have interpreted them. It examines the main features of the prevailing investment dispute settlement system and takes into account historic antecedents and possible future developments. August Reinisch facilitates easy access to the field by putting international investment law into its broader historical, political and legal context. Key features include: a combination of academic and practical perspectives a broad-based contextual introduction a nuanced, integrated overview of the links and connections between different areas of international investment law. This Advanced Introduction is an indispensable guide for students of law, political science, international relations and economics. Comprehensive and accessible, it is essential reading for lawyers, scholars and policy advisors seeking to further their understanding of international investment law.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Written from a public international lawyer's perspective, this short but significant book gives a broad overview of international investment law (IIL), explaining core concepts of investment protection, their evolution, and how investment tribunals have interpreted them. It examines the main features of the prevailing investment dispute settlement system and takes into account historic antecedents and possible future developments. August Reinisch facilitates easy access to the field by putting international investment law into its broader historical, political and legal context. Key features include: a combination of academic and practical perspectives a broad-based contextual introduction a nuanced, integrated overview of the links and connections between different areas of international investment law. This Advanced Introduction is an indispensable guide for students of law, political science, international relations and economics. Comprehensive and accessible, it is essential reading for lawyers, scholars and policy advisors seeking to further their understanding of international investment law.

This important book examines the development of soft law instruments in international investment law and the feasibility of a 'codification' of the present state of this field of international economic law. It draws together the views of international experts on the use of soft law in international law generally and in discrete fields such as WTO, commercial, and environmental law. The book assesses whether investment law has sufficiently coalesced over the last 50 years to be 'codified' and focuses particularly on topical issues such as most-favored-nation treatment and expropriation. This timely book will appeal to academics interested in the development of international law and legal theory, to those working in investment law, government investment treaty negotiators and arbitration practitioners. Contributors: A.K. Bjorklund, G. Cordero-Moss, M.G. Desta, M. Hirsch, K. Miles, A. Reinisch, E. Sipiorski, C. Tietje, A.R. Ziegler

This open access book considers the potential setup for a future Multilateral Investment Court (MIC). The option of an MIC was first discussed by the EU Commission in 2016 and has since been made an official element of the EU Common Commercial Policy. In 2017, UNCITRAL also decided to discuss the possibility of an MIC, and on 20 March 2018, the Council of the EU gave the EU Commission the mandate to negotiate the creation of an MIC. The "feasibility study" presented here is intended to contribute to a broader discussion on the options for a new international court specialized in investment protection. The cornerstones of such a new permanent court are a strict orientation on the rule of law, reduced costs of investment protection, transparency considerations, aspects of consistency in case law, and the effective enforceability of MIC decisions.

Students new to the study of EU law can find knowing what questions to ask to be as much of a challenge as answering them. This book clearly sets the scene: it explores the history and institutions of the EU, examines the interplay of its main bodies in its legislative process and illustrates the role played by the EU Courts and the importance of fundamental rights. The student is also introduced to the key principles of the internal market, in particular the free movement of goods and the free movement of workers. In addition a number of other EU policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy, Environmental Protection and Social Policy are outlined, while a more detailed inquiry is made into European competition law. This book is an essential first port-of-call for all students of European law.

The role and position of non-state actors in international law is the subject of a long-standing and intensive scholarly debate. This book explores the participation of this new category of actors in an international legal system that has historically been dominated by states. It explores the most important issues, actors and theoretical approaches with respect to these new participants in international law. It provides the reader with a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the most important legal and political developments and perspectives. Relevant non-state actors discussed in this volume include, in particular, international governmental organisations, international non-governmental organisations, multinational companies, investors and armed opposition groups. Their legal position is considered in relation to specific issue-areas, such as humanitarian law, human rights, the use of force and international responsibility. The main legal theories on non-state actors' position in international law - neo-positivism, the policy-oriented approach and transnational law - are covered at the beginning of the book, and the essential political science perspectives - on non-state actors' role in international politics and globalisation, as well as their soft power - are presented at the end.

International organizations are increasingly operating across borders and engaging in legal transactions in virtually all jurisdictions. This makes, familiarity with the applicable law and practice imperative for both international organizations and those who engage in legal relations with them. Furthermore, the issue of whether, how, and to what extent domestic courts take into account decisions of foreign and international courts and tribunals in their own decision-making has become increasingly important in recent years. This book provides a comprehensive empirical study of this transnational judicial dialogue, focusing on the law and practice of domestic jurisdictions concerning the legal personality, privileges, and immunities of international organizations. It presents a selection of detailed country-by-country studies, examining the manner of judicial dialogue across domestic jurisdictions, and between national and international courts. The approach taken in this book intersects with three highly topical areas of international legal scholarship: the rapidly evolving law of international institutions; the burgeoning research into the role of domestic courts in the international legal system; and the recent rise of empirically-oriented legal scholarship. Utilizing OUP's International Law in Domestic Courts database, the book presents analysis of little-known cases which have real international significance, illustrating the impact and extent of transnational judicial dialogue in the international legal system. The book provides important perspectives on the evolution and status of the law of immunity of international organizations, and contributes to the understanding of relationships between national courts, and between national and international courts.

Students new to the study of EU law can find knowing what questions to ask to be as much of a challenge as answering them. This book clearly sets the scene: it explores the history and institutions of the EU, examines the interplay of its main bodies in its legislative process and illustrates the role played by the EU Courts and the importance of fundamental rights. The student is also introduced to the key principles of the internal market, in particular the free movement of goods and the free movement of workers. In addition a number of other EU policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy, Environmental Protection and Social Policy are outlined, while a more detailed inquiry is made into European competition law. This book is an essential first port-of-call for all students of European law.

A radical, empirical investigation of how national courts 'react' to disputes involving international organizations. Through comprehensive analysis of the attitudes and techniques of national courts and underlying political motives, Professor Reinisch first describes various legal approaches that result in adjudication or non-adjudication of disputes concerning international organizations. Secondly he discusses policy issues pro and contra the adjudication of such disputes. His study then scrutinizes the rationale for immunizing international organizations from domestic litigations, especially the 'functional' need for immunity, and substantially debates the implications of a human rights-based right of access to court on immunizing international organizations against national jurisdictions. Finally he identifies contemporary trends, seeking to ascertain whether a more flexible principle exempting certain types of disputes from domestic adjudication might substitute for the traditional immunity concept, which would simultaneously guarantee the functioning and independence of international organizations without impairing private parties' access to a fair dispute settlement procedure.

The evolution of international investment law has been one of the more dynamic developments in public international law in recent decades. Many of the key issues have been subjected to careful analysis in articles and book chapters which have become compulsory reading for those active in the field. Professor August Reinisch's edited collection gathers together these carefully selected contributions to the rich literature on international investment law in a convenient and accessible format, making these contributions easily retrievable. These volumes will be an excellent addition to the library of all scholars, practitioners and policy-makers active in the field of burgeoning field of investment treaty arbitration.' - Chester Brown, Professor of International Law and International Arbitration, University of SydneyThis two-volume collection comprises a selection of leading articles in the field of international investment law. Written by an outstanding group of policymakers, practitioners and scholars, the contributions to these volumes demonstrate the vibrant development of the field, which has become one of the most exciting and testing areas of international law. The articles reflect the broad variety and diversity of views and cover the most important key areas currently debated in international investment law, such as the nature of international investment law, types of investment protection and the principal features of dispute settlement. With an original introduction by the editor, this collection is an excellent reference for students, researchers and practitioners. 41 articles, dating from 1962 to 2011 Contributors include: A. K. Bjorklund, J. Crawford , R.Dolzer, L. Yves Fortier, E. Gaillard, M. Kinnear, J. Paulsson, C. Schreuer, B. Stern

This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards.

Dieser Band beinhaltet die Beitrage zum 44. OEsterreichischen Voelkerrechtstag. Zu Beginn steht eine Analyse des EU-Austritts des Vereinigten Koenigreichs. Auch Teil II richtet den Fokus auf den Ruckzug aus Vertragen. Der Bogen wird dabei vom Voelkerstrafrecht uber das Abrustungsrecht und die Menschenrechte bis zum Investitionsrecht gespannt. Teil III beschaftigt sich, rechtsdogmatisch ebenso wie anwendungsbezogen, mit dem Voelkergewohnheitsrecht. Teil IV bietet eine Begriffsbestimmung und eine historische Tatbestandsanalyse der allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsatze. Schliesslich uberpruft Teil V die Relevanz des klassischen Quellenkatalogs im Internetrecht. Die abschliessenden Berichte aus der Voelkerrechtspraxis zeigen aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich des Soft Law, im Seerecht sowie im Recht der internationalen Beziehungen auf.

This open access book considers the potential setup for a future Multilateral Investment Court (MIC). The option of an MIC was first discussed by the EU Commission in 2016 and has since been made an official element of the EU Common Commercial Policy. In 2017, UNCITRAL also decided to discuss the possibility of an MIC, and on 20 March 2018, the Council of the EU gave the EU Commission the mandate to negotiate the creation of an MIC. The "feasibility study" presented here is intended to contribute to a broader discussion on the options for a new international court specialized in investment protection. The cornerstones of such a new permanent court are a strict orientation on the rule of law, reduced costs of investment protection, transparency considerations, aspects of consistency in case law, and the effective enforceability of MIC decisions.

This book presents a radical, empirical investigation of how national courts "react" to disputes involving international organizations, analyzing in particular whether such organizations should be immune to national jurisdictions. Under the headings "domestic legal personality" and "immunity" of international organizations, some of the issues covered have already been treated in international legal scholarship, mostly in the form of short articles or case notes. This study, however, provides a thorough comparative analysis and the largest compilation of relevant decisions on the subject, making it indispensable for practitioners as well as academics in the field.

This book considers the potential setup for a future Multilateral Investment Court (MIC). The option of an MIC was first discussed by the EU Commission in 2016 and has since been made an official element of the EU Common Commercial Policy. In 2017, UNCITRAL also decided to discuss the possibility of an MIC, and on 20 March 2018, the Council of the EU gave the EU Commission the mandate to negotiate the creation of an MIC. The "feasibility study" presented here is intended to contribute to a broader discussion on the options for a new international court specialized in investment protection. The cornerstones of such a new permanent court are a strict orientation on the rule of law, reduced costs of investment protection, transparency considerations, aspects of consistency in case law, and the effective enforceability of MIC decisions.

Das UNESCO Welterbe-UEbereinkommen besitzt mit 193 Vertragsstaaten weite Akzeptanz und mit uber 1.000 Welterbestatten grosse Popularitat. In den letzten Jahren stiegen jedoch die Problemfalle in Welterbestatten und die Frage der rechtlichen Bindungswirkung ruckt in den Mittelpunkt. Die Autorin des Buches geht dem auf den Grund: Sie stellt die Rechte und Pflichten der Vertragsstaaten uberblicksmassig dar und pruft insbesondere, ob eine Pflicht zum innerstaatlichen Schutz besteht und welche Rechtsqualitat diese besitzt. Sie analysiert Verpflichtungsart und Verpflichtungsgrad, Schutzgegenstand und Schutzmassnahmen. Dann beleuchtet sie die Umsetzung des UEbereinkommens in OEsterreich, zieht Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der auftretenden Konflikte und bietet einen Ausblick samt Loesungsansatzen.

This thoughtfully edited volume brings together leading scholars in the field to explore the relationship between the substantive standards of treatment contained in international investment agreements and the rule of law, which is developing into one of the key principles which both supporters and critics use to evaluate the investment treaty regime. Investment Protection Standards and the Rule of Law explores two perspectives. Firstly, it examines to what extent the substantive standards of treatment can be understood as expressions of the rule of law. Secondly, it addresses the rule-of-law problems, or rule-of-law lacunae, that exist in, or are created by, the application of these standards. The subject matter is advanced by combining doctrinal analysis of the core substantive treatment standards, as well as normative assessment of those standards from the perspective of the rule of law. This book also offers a critical discussion of the potential the rule of law has as a guidepost for structuring international investment relations, as well as its blind spots.

The application of international law by domestic courts has gained increasing attention in recent years. In an ever-more interconnected world, domestic courts now make reference to judgments by foreign courts when faced with similar or identical legal problems involving international law. Their judgments see increasing recognition of their pivotal role in shaping and interpreting international law. Understanding them will be of use for any practitioner and scholar in international law. International Law in Domestic Courts, Oxford's online collection of domestic court decisions which apply international law, has been providing scholars with at-your-fingertips access to analysis and commentary for more than a decade. First established in 2006, it now includes over 1,700 judgments of cases involving international law-related aspects from nearly 100 countries and continues to expand. This Casebook is the perfect companion, presenting a selection of the most important cases along with a commentary to give a holistic overview of the use of international law in national courts, and how the jurisprudence has developed international law itself. Practitioners, students, and academics will find this an invaluable resource when faced with the complex questions of applying international law in domestic courts.

This volume examines the standards of treatment, demanded from host states, that form the basis of contemporary international investment protection. It analyses the core standards commonly contained in bilateral and multilateral investment treaties, including 'fair and equitable treatment', 'full protection and security', and the non-discrimination standards.
The burgeoning case-law before arbitral tribunals has exercised a huge influence on how these standards are interpreted in practice. The essays in this volume, by leading practitioners and scholars in the field of investment arbitration, analyze the case-law and provide a framework for a common consensus to emerge on how the standards should be applied in future.

The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies entered into force more than 60 years ago. This Commentary offers for the first time a comprehensive discussion covering both Conventions in their entirety, providing an overview of academic writings and jurisprudence for a legal field of particular practical relevance and gives both the academic researcher as well as the practitioner a unique source to understand the complexity of legal issues that the UN, its Specialized Agencies, their officials, Member States' representatives, and experts face in today's world.

As the Kadi-hype following the 2008 European Court of Justice judgment demonstrated, there are many problems associated with the judicial review of acts of international organizations. This book is the first to present a broader overview of how acts of international organizations have been challenged before national courts. It covers such diverse organizations as the United Nations, its subsidiary organs, such as the specialized international criminal courts for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the European Patent Office, the European Schools, EUROCONTROL, OPEC, and INTERPOL Building extensively on the case law of domestic courts, the chapters highlight reoccurring legal issues in light of four working hypotheses. These relate to the nature of judicial review of the acts of international organizations, its interdependence with domestic methods of incorporating international law, the conditions of a human rights-based review, and the tension between the independent functioning of an organization and guaranteeing legal protection against its acts. This approach ensures consistency among the book's chapters, which each focus on a different organization. Its conclusion brings the different findings together and analyses them in the light of the working hypotheses. It also discusses whether attempts to secure a certain minimum level of legal protection against acts of international organizations through judicial review by national courts may contribute to securing greater accountability of international organizations.

International investment law has become increasingly prominent in the international legal order, spurred on by the explosion of Bilateral Investment Treaties between States and a sharp rise in international investment disputes. This rise to prominence has however not always been matched by academic reflection on the content of procedure of international investment law and its role within general international law. This volume seeks to remedy this situation by providing careful analysis of every area of international investment law and its relationship with other legal fields.
It is written in honor of one of the leading experts in the field of investment arbitration, Christoph Schreuer. The book explores specific and topical problems of international investment law and practice in a focused way. It also provides a forum for broader theoretical reflections on international investment law and its relation to general international law. The book includes chapters on jurisdictional questions, issues of procedure in investment proceedings, the relationship between investment arbitration and other forms of investment protection, problems of substantive investment law, regional aspects, interfaces between investment law and other areas of law as well as the future of the law of investment protection. Featuring contributions by many of the most prominent scholars and practitioners of investment arbitration, this work should become an indispensable tool for practitioners and academics working in the field.

Mit seinem hochaktuellen Thema richtet sich Karl Edlinger an militarische Kommandanten, aber auch an politische Entscheidungstrager und weltpolitisch interessierte Leser. Im Buch wird der Rechtsrahmen fur moderne Konfliktsituationen abgeleitet und die Konsequenzen fur Planung und Durchfuhrung militarischer Operationen dargestellt. Das Voelkerrecht bestimmt je nach Typus eines bewaffneten Konflikts die Rechte und Pflichten der beteiligten Streitkrafte. Diese werden immer haufiger in atypischen Konfliktsituationen eingesetzt: friedensunterstutzende Einsatze der Vereinten Nationen, Kampf gegen terroristische Organisationen oder gegen internationale Kriminalitat. Im Buch werden die Konsequenzen am Beispiel des Luftangriffes bei Kunduz dargestellt.

Based on a conference held at the University of Vienna by the International Law Association Committee on the Law of Foreign Investment on Standards of Investment Protection, this book examines the growing interest in substantive treatment standards as a result of the increase in investment arbitration proceedings, and focuses on the identification of a possible consensus of interpretation of these substantive treatment standards.
With contributors who are members of the ILA Committee, as well as renowned experts in the field of investment law from academia and practice, this collection examines the increased attention paid in recent years to substantive treatment standards as a result of the growing number of investment arbitration proceedings which have reached the merits stage. ICSID, NAFTA, UNCITRAL and other awards have helped to provide more specific meaning to the general standards of investment protection found in the majority of international investment instruments, in particular in bilateral investment treaties (BITs). It is thus crucial for a deeper understanding of the present law on the treatment of foreign investment to analyze this developing jurisprudence. This book will provide a first-hand road-map of current investment law and bring readers up to date concerning the most recent developments in the field.

The role and position of non-state actors in international law is the subject of a long-standing and intensive scholarly debate. This book explores the participation of this new category of actors in an international legal system that has historically been dominated by states. It explores the most important issues, actors and theoretical approaches with respect to these new participants in international law. It provides the reader with a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the most important legal and political developments and perspectives. Relevant non-state actors discussed in this volume include, in particular, international governmental organisations, international non-governmental organisations, multinational companies, investors and armed opposition groups. Their legal position is considered in relation to specific issue-areas, such as humanitarian law, human rights, the use of force and international responsibility. The main legal theories on non-state actors' position in international law - neo-positivism, the policy-oriented approach and transnational law - are covered at the beginning of the book, and the essential political science perspectives - on non-state actors' role in international politics and globalisation, as well as their soft power - are presented at the end.