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The aim of this book is to dissect forensic anthropology and
forensic pathology in its various and valuable contributions to
contemporary society. It gives answers and approaches key questions
to this sciences' growing audience within different countries in
the recent years. It aims to provide a practical approach to the
investigation of bodies that are not fresh enough to be considered
a normal forensic case. The specialists of both areas can have in a
single book the useful tools and practical recommendations of these
specialities (forensic anthropology and forensic pathology) that
are spread among other textbooks.
Recent political, religious, ethnic, and racial conflicts, as well as mass disasters, have significantly helped to bring to light the almost unknown dis- pline of forensic anthropology. This science has become particularly useful to forensic pathologists because it aids in solving various puzzles, such as id- tifying victims and documenting crimes. On topics such as mass disasters and crimes against humanity, teamwork between forensic pathologists and for- sic anthropologists has significantly increased over the few last years. This relationship has also improved the study of routine cases in local medicolegal institutes. When human remains are badly decomposed, partially skelet- ized, and/or burned, it is particularly useful for the forensic pathologist to be assisted by a forensic anthropologist. It is not a one-way situation: when the forensic anthropologist deals with skeletonized bodies that have some kind of soft tissue, the advice of a forensic pathologist would be welcome. Forensic anthropology is a subspecialty/field of physical anthropology. Most of the background on skeletal biology was gathered on the basis of sk- etal remains from past populations. Physical anthropologists then developed an indisputable "know-how"; nevertheless, one must keep in mind that looking for a missing person or checking an assumed identity is quite a different matter. Pieces of information needed by forensic anthropologists require a higher level of reliability and accuracy than those granted in a general archaeological c- text. To achieve a positive identification, findings have to match with e- dence, particularly when genetic identification is not possible.
"Paradoxically, while the fragmentation, desecration or abandonment of remains is attested in many archaeological or historical contexts, the intentional absence of funerary rites has not yet been the subject of systematic or comparative studies in the social sciences. Therefore, little is known about what leads a society to intentionally deprive an individual of funeral treatment. Are the modalities of funeral deprivation always and everywhere the same? Or do they vary according to socio-historical context, being singularly linked to crisis situations? What are the different issues at stake in the deprivation of funeral treatment? More generally and analytically, on the basis of what concrete elements can we identify and qualify situations of deprivation of funeral rites? To answer this vast set of questions, this volume gathers twelve contributions from archaeologists, anthropologists and historians, the fruit of collective work carried out during study sessions that took place in 2021 and 2022 in Montpellier and Marseille. These sessions initiated a particularly rich and dense interdisciplinary and diachronic reflection on the diversity of motivations that lead to the intentional deprivation of funerals. Taken together, the twelve chapters also invite us to reflect on the intellectual path that allows us to attest the absence of funerary treatment, from archaeological, historical or ethnographic data, and on the intellectual and theoretical tools available to approach the question of the deprivation of funerals."
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