Biomaterials are advanced materials that garner interdisciplinary research. Wastewater pollution causes many adverse effects on human health and the environment. In order to rectify this, biomaterials and other nanomaterials have been utilized as photocatalysts against environmental waste. In this book, biomaterials are highlighted as a promising material for waste management, as biomaterials are cost-effective, eco-friendly and closer to nature.

This volume discusses the role of ZIF-8 composites in water decontamination as an adsorbent and photocatalyst. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. Water pollution is a major concern and has endangered human health. Recently, researchers have designed MOFs for use in remediation.

This volume discusses the role of MOFs in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. Pharmaceutical pollution is an issue of concern due to its effects on environment. Recently, researchers have designed MOFs for use in remediation.

Nanomaterial-Based Metal Organic Frameworks for Single Atom Catalysis covers nanoparticles and their properties, including tunable pore size, efficient reacting capability, large surface area, and morphology, which make them effective catalytic agents. In addition, the book covers catalytic systems, in which nanomaterial-based metal organic frameworks can be applied efficiently as single atom catalysis to enable enhanced functionalities and activities of the reactions in various applications. This book is an important reference source that will be of use to materials scientists, engineers, chemists and chemical engineers who want to learn more about nanomaterials are being used for catalytic applications. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic-inorganic, porous, crystalline nanomaterials, and have aroused great attention in the field of catalysis because of their crystalized nano- (lt;2 nm) or meso- (2-50 nm) porous structure, extremely high surface area, and significant chemical diversity. This nanomaterial-based metal organic framework, as a single atom catalysis, enhances the catalytic ability of dispersed single atoms.

Fixtures are used in manufacturing to secure working devices. They help insure conformity, accuracy, efficiency, and interchangeability; their reliability is crucial. This book introduces and implements a new methodology for more flexible fixture design and manufacturing processes, and develops the supporting technologies for automation and fixture planning using object oriented platforms. It also presents an integrated solution with Computer Aided Design (CAD) applications.

Sodium Alginate-based Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment offers detailed coverage of fundamentals and recent advances in sodium alginate-based nanomaterials for wastewater treatment. The book provides a detailed overview of the development and application of nanomaterials-based sodium alginate so that new methods can be put in place for efficient wastewater treatment. This includes illustrating how nanomaterials have enabled the formation of nanocomposites or blends of sodium alginate with other compounds like chitosan for the effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater. This important reference source for materials scientists and environmental engineers comprehensively covers nanotechnology applications in efficient wastewater treatment solutions.

Nanomedicine explores the modification and enhancement of the properties and performances of typical drugs to treat various diseases. Nano-based medicines have advantages in several ways, such as in nanotherapeutics, nanotheranostics, and nanodiagnostics. Nanomedicine Manufacturing and Applications effectively explores the major manufacturing techniques and applications of nanomaterial-based medicine in the areas of chemotherapy, biochips, insulin pumps, and other treatment methods. This book explains how nanomedicines are developed from nanoparticles as well as their biomedical and other applications related to healthcare. This book is an important reference source for nanoscientists, biomaterials scientists, and biomedical engineers who want to learn more about how nano-based medicines are made and used.

As opposed to conventional electrochemical sensors, nanomaterials-based sensors are active and effective in their action with even a minute concentration of analyte. A number of research studies are bringing about an evolution in their development and advancement because of their unique and effective properties. Nanoscale electrochemical sensors have applications in almost every field of life including the detection of neurochemicals, heavy metals, energy components, body fluids, biological matrices, cancer relevant biomolecules, aromatic hydrocarbons, also in playing their role in food science because of their capability in providing quality control and safety. There is a need to develop these nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors to be more widely available for accurate sensing of minute concentrations especially in the case of heavy metal detection, biofluids, and other biomaterials. This book outlines the major preparation, fabrication and manufacture of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors, as well as detailing their principle medical, environmental and industrial applications in an effort to meet this need. This book is a valuable reference source for materials scientists, engineers, electrochemists, environmental engineers and biomedical engineers who want to understand how nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors are made, and how they are used.

Handbook of Transplantation provides a complete and comprehensive overview of modern transplantation in all its complexity, from basic science to gold-standard surgical techniques to post-operative care.

Pakistan is 3rd top producer of rice with 2.36 M ha area, 4.82 MT production, 0.9% of GDP and contributes 4.4% in agriculture annually. Pakistani rice is well known for its quality and aroma and ranked as 5th country for rice export but yield level is comparatively low and 36% yield gap has been observed. It has been deduced from the research that along with NPK, silicon (Si) and boron (B) should be introduced in rice production. Silicon can control drought stress, insect pests, diseases, radiation damage and metallic toxicity (Fe & Al) in rice. It also provides mechanical strength, prevents lodging and enhances photosynthetic activity and plant immunity. While boron (B) regulates carbohydrates transportation, cell division, cell wall strength and development, onset of fruits and seeds, pollen viability and affects plant development, reproduction, respiration and physiology. That's why this study was proposed and resulted that a combination of silicon and boron solutions @ 1.5% and 1.0% respectively should be applied as foliar spray for higher and sustainable rise production.

Being an agriculture country Pakistan is facing shortage of green forage due to harsh summer and winter frost.Sorghum fodder is the basic feed for live stock and especially valuable for feeding in the plain regions. Cured sorghum fodder, with a little protein supplement, maintains cattle in good condition throughout the winter with little or no gain supplement. Its green fodder contains 70% carbohydrates, minerals, crude fat and nitrogen free extract. Multicut sorghum is a better replacement because it can withstand in harsh environment and has xerophytic characteristics.this study was proposed to evaluate different levels of nitrogen and sowing methods for sorghum forage. In this experiment different levels of nitrogen fertilizer i.e. 0, 57.5, 28.75,45 kg N/ha and sowing methods 1. broad coast 2. Line sowing (30 cm b/w rows)were used. It was concluded that nitrogen application N2 (57.5 kg/ha) and line sowing (30 cm b/w rows) with three cutting system showed better results among all observations, thus maximum production for multicut sorghum forage was obtained under agro climatic conditions of Faislabad, Pakistan.

Sustainable Use of Nanoparticles in Agriculture explores the specific challenges of understanding and applying the catalytic efficacy of nanotechnology for agricultural crop improvement. Focusing specifically on the nanomaterial-based metal organic frameworks as single atom catalysis to improve their applicability through innovations in the makeup, style and structure of those catalysts. Nano-nutrition is the implementation of nanotechnology to provide nano-sized nutrients to grow crops addressing both biotic and abiotic nutrients. As abiotic nutrients or NPs are obtained from inorganic substances such as salts, they post challenges as many of these are un-biodegradable whereas biotic nutrients are made from organic sources that are biodegradable and eco-friendly. This book presents research into nano-nutrition that has been undertaken to create a methodology for improving plant nutrition that is sustainable and effective. Sustainable Use of Nanoparticles in Agricultures focuses on utilizing nano-nutrition to improve plant productivity in both micro-and macronutrients on a wide scale without environmental risks. This book is an important reference for researchers and academics seeking insights into the potential means to improve crop plant health.