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Hegel and the State
Franz Rosenzweig; Afterword by Axel Honneth; Foreword by Bienenstock Myriam; Translated by Josiah Simon, Jules Simon
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R2,091
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Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) is one of the most significant German
Jewish philosophers of the twentieth century. Published in German
in 1920 and now finally available in English for the first time,
Hegel and the State is a major contribution to the understanding of
Hegel's political and social thought and a profound analysis of the
intellectual currents that shaped the German state in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through careful readings
of Hegel’s early handwritten manuscripts, Rosenzweig shows that
Hegel was wrestling with the problem of how to reconcile the
subjectivity and freedom of the individual within a community and
ultimately the political state. According to Rosenzweig, the route
out of this conundrum chosen by Hegel shaped his mature political
philosophy, where he saw the relationship between the individual
and the state as reciprocal. At a deeper level, the significance of
Hegel and the State lies in the way that Rosenzweig explains the
failure of Hegel's quasi-communitarian view of the state to emerge,
due to the authoritarian direction of the newly-unified German
state under Bismarck. Anticipating the political and moral disaster
that was to follow, Rosenzweig concludes by questioning the very
viability of any theory of the state that relies on the pillars of
bureaucratic militarism and a government-supported capitalist
business culture. With the inclusion of a Foreword by Myriam
Bienenstock and a substantial Afterword by Axel Honneth, Hegel and
the State is a ground-breaking work of early twentieth-century
philosophical and political thought. It is essential reading for
students of Hegel, German Idealism, Jewish philosophy, and the
origins of critical theory. It will also be of interest to those in
related subjects such as the history of sociology, and German and
intellectual history.
The portentous terms and phrases associated with the first decades
of the Frankfurt School - exile, the dominance of capitalism,
fascism - seem as salient today as they were in the early twentieth
century. The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School addresses
the many early concerns of critical theory and brings those
concerns into direct engagement with our shared world today. In
this volume, a distinguished group of international scholars from a
variety of disciplines revisits the philosophical and political
contributions of Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Max
Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, Jurgen Habermas, Axel Honneth, and
others. Throughout, the Companion's focus is on the major ideas
that have made the Frankfurt School such a consequential and
enduring movement. It offers a crucial resource for those who are
trying to make sense of the global and cultural crisis that has now
seized our contemporary world.
There is no normative concept more appealing today than the idea of
individual freedom. Political party manifestos are drawn up, legal
reforms are defended, military interventions are undertaken, even
decisions in personal relationships are justified – all in the
name of individual freedom. But our understanding of freedom is
impoverished if we try to grasp its essence merely in terms of the
subjective rights of the individual. In his new book, Axel Honneth
shows that we still have a lot to learn from the tradition of
philosophy about a rational concept of freedom. Honneth begins by
re-examining the work of Hegel and Marx in order to clarify the
concept of freedom. He then explores various social problem areas
in which the ideals of freedom are directly confronted by
contemporary obstacles. Honneth ends by examining potential forces
which could give new impetus to our struggle for freedom. This new
book by one of the leading social and political philosophers
writing today will be of great interest to students and scholars of
philosophy, political theory, social theory, and the social
sciences and humanities generally.
Axel Honneth has been instrumental in advancing the work of the
Frankfurt School of critical theorists, rebuilding their effort to
combine radical social and political analysis with rigorous
philosophical inquiry. These eleven essays reclaim the relevant
themes of the Frankfurt School, which counted Theodor W. Adorno,
Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Jürgen Habermas, Franz Neumann,
and Albrecht Wellmer as members. They also engage with Kant, Freud,
Alexander Mitscherlich, and Michael Walzer, whose work on morality,
history, democracy, and individuality intersects with the Frankfurt
School's core concerns. Collected here for the first time in
English, Honneth's essays pursue the unifying themes and theses
that support the methodologies and thematics of critical social
theory, and they address the possibilities of continuing this
tradition through radically changed theoretical and social
conditions. According to Honneth, there is a unity that underlies
critical theory's multiple approaches: the way in which reason is
both distorted and furthered in contemporary capitalist society.
And while much is dead in the social and psychological doctrines of
critical social theory, its central inquiries remain vitally
relevant. Is social progress still possible after the horrors of
the twentieth century? Does capitalism deform reason and, if so, in
what respects? Can we justify the relationship between law and
violence in secular terms, or is it inextricably bound to divine
justice? How can we be free when we're subject to socialization in
a highly complex and in many respects unfree society? For Honneth,
suffering and moral struggle are departure points for a new
"reconstructive" form of social criticism, one that is based
solidly in the empirically grounded, interdisciplinary approach of
the Frankfurt School.
Theories of justice often fixate on purely normative, abstract
principles unrelated to real-world situations. The philosopher and
theorist Axel Honneth addresses this disconnect, and constructs a
theory of justice derived from the normative claims of Western
liberal-democratic societies and anchored in morally legitimate
laws and institutionally established practices. Honneth's
paradigm-which he terms "a democratic ethical life"-draws on the
spirit of Hegel's Philosophy of Right and his own theory of
recognition, demonstrating how concrete social spheres generate the
tenets of individual freedom and a standard for what is just. Using
social analysis to re-found a more grounded theory of justice, he
argues that all crucial actions in Western civilization, whether in
personal relationships, market-induced economic activities, or the
public forum of politics, share one defining characteristic: they
require the realization of a particular aspect of individual
freedom. This fundamental truth informs the guiding principles of
justice, enabling a wide-ranging reconsideration of its nature and
application.
There is no normative concept more appealing today than the idea of
individual freedom. Political party manifestos are drawn up, legal
reforms are defended, military interventions are undertaken, even
decisions in personal relationships are justified – all in the
name of individual freedom. But our understanding of freedom is
impoverished if we try to grasp its essence merely in terms of the
subjective rights of the individual. In his new book, Axel Honneth
shows that we still have a lot to learn from the tradition of
philosophy about a rational concept of freedom. Honneth begins by
re-examining the work of Hegel and Marx in order to clarify the
concept of freedom. He then explores various social problem areas
in which the ideals of freedom are directly confronted by
contemporary obstacles. Honneth ends by examining potential forces
which could give new impetus to our struggle for freedom. This new
book by one of the leading social and political philosophers
writing today will be of great interest to students and scholars of
philosophy, political theory, social theory, and the social
sciences and humanities generally.
Axel Honneth is best known for his critique of modern society
centered on a concept of recognition. Jacques Ranciere has advanced
an influential theory of modern politics based on disagreement.
Underpinning their thought is a concern for the logics of exclusion
and domination that structure contemporary societies. In a rare
dialogue, these two philosophers explore the affinities and
tensions between their perspectives to provoke new ideas for social
and political change. Honneth sees modern society as a field in
which the logic of recognition provides individuals with increasing
possibilities for freedom and is a constant catalyst for
transformation. Ranciere sees the social as a policing order and
the political as a force that must radically assert equality.
Honneth claims Ranciere's conception of the political lies outside
of actual historical societies and involves a problematic desire
for egalitarianism. Ranciere argues that Honneth's theory of
recognition relies on an overly substantial conception of identity
and subjectivity. While impassioned, their exchange seeks to
advance critical theory's political project by reconciling the rift
between German and French post-Marxist traditions and proposing new
frameworks for justice.
The word "crisis" denotes a break, a discontinuity, a rupture-a
moment after which the normal order can continue no longer. Yet our
political vocabulary today is suffused with the rhetoric of crisis,
to the point that supposed abnormalities have been normalized. How
can the notion of crisis be rethought in order to take stock of-and
challenge-our understanding of the many predicaments in which we
find ourselves? Instead of diagnosing emergencies, Didier Fassin,
Axel Honneth, and an assembly of leading thinkers examine how
people experience, interpret, and contribute to the making of and
the response to critical situations. Contributors inquire into the
social production of crisis, evaluating a wide range of cases on
five continents through the lenses of philosophy, sociology,
anthropology, political science, history, and economics.
Considering social movements, intellectual engagements, affected
communities, and reflexive perspectives, the book foregrounds the
perspectives of those most closely involved, bringing out the
immediacy of crisis. Featuring analysis from below as well as
above, from the inside as well as the outside, Crisis Under
Critique is a singular intervention that utterly recasts one of
today's most crucial-yet most ambiguous-concepts.
Recognition is one of the most debated concepts in contemporary
social and political thought. Its proponents, such as Axel Honneth,
hold that to be recognized by others is a basic human need that is
central to forming an identity, and the denial of recognition
deprives individuals and communities of something essential for
their flourishing. Yet critics including Judith Butler have
questioned whether recognition is implicated in structures of
domination, arguing that the desire to be recognized can motivative
individuals to accept their assigned place in the social order by
conforming to oppressive norms or obeying repressive institutions.
Is there a way to break this impasse? Recognition and Ambivalence
brings together leading scholars in social and political philosophy
to develop new perspectives on recognition and its role in social
life. It begins with a debate between Honneth and Butler, the first
sustained engagement between these two major thinkers on this
subject. Contributions from both proponents and critics of theories
of recognition further reflect upon and clarify the problems and
challenges involved in theorizing the concept and its normative
desirability. Together, they explore different routes toward a
critical theory of recognition, departing from wholly positive or
negative views to ask whether it is an essentially ambivalent
phenomenon. Featuring original, systematic work in the philosophy
of recognition, this book also provides a useful orientation to the
key debates on this important topic.
Recognition is one of the most debated concepts in contemporary
social and political thought. Its proponents, such as Axel Honneth,
hold that to be recognized by others is a basic human need that is
central to forming an identity, and the denial of recognition
deprives individuals and communities of something essential for
their flourishing. Yet critics including Judith Butler have
questioned whether recognition is implicated in structures of
domination, arguing that the desire to be recognized can motivative
individuals to accept their assigned place in the social order by
conforming to oppressive norms or obeying repressive institutions.
Is there a way to break this impasse? Recognition and Ambivalence
brings together leading scholars in social and political philosophy
to develop new perspectives on recognition and its role in social
life. It begins with a debate between Honneth and Butler, the first
sustained engagement between these two major thinkers on this
subject. Contributions from both proponents and critics of theories
of recognition further reflect upon and clarify the problems and
challenges involved in theorizing the concept and its normative
desirability. Together, they explore different routes toward a
critical theory of recognition, departing from wholly positive or
negative views to ask whether it is an essentially ambivalent
phenomenon. Featuring original, systematic work in the philosophy
of recognition, this book also provides a useful orientation to the
key debates on this important topic.
Recognition has become a keyword of our time, but its relation to
economic redistribution remains unclear. This volume stages a
debate between two philosophers, one North American, the other
German, who hold different views of the relation of redistribution
to recognition. Axel Honneth conceives recognition as the
fundamental, over-arching moral category, potentially encompassing
redistribution, while Nancy Fraser argues that the two categories
are both fundamental and mutually irreducible. In alternating
chapters the authors respond to each other's criticisms, and offer
a lively dialogue on identity politics, capitalism and social
justice. The volume is a dramatic riposte to those who proclaim the
death of grand theory.
The word "crisis" denotes a break, a discontinuity, a rupture-a
moment after which the normal order can continue no longer. Yet our
political vocabulary today is suffused with the rhetoric of crisis,
to the point that supposed abnormalities have been normalized. How
can the notion of crisis be rethought in order to take stock of-and
challenge-our understanding of the many predicaments in which we
find ourselves? Instead of diagnosing emergencies, Didier Fassin,
Axel Honneth, and an assembly of leading thinkers examine how
people experience, interpret, and contribute to the making of and
the response to critical situations. Contributors inquire into the
social production of crisis, evaluating a wide range of cases on
five continents through the lenses of philosophy, sociology,
anthropology, political science, history, and economics.
Considering social movements, intellectual engagements, affected
communities, and reflexive perspectives, the book foregrounds the
perspectives of those most closely involved, bringing out the
immediacy of crisis. Featuring analysis from below as well as
above, from the inside as well as the outside, Crisis Under
Critique is a singular intervention that utterly recasts one of
today's most crucial-yet most ambiguous-concepts.
Axel Honneth is best known for his critique of modern society
centered on a concept of recognition. Jacques Ranciere has advanced
an influential theory of modern politics based on disagreement.
Underpinning their thought is a concern for the logics of exclusion
and domination that structure contemporary societies. In a rare
dialogue, these two philosophers explore the affinities and
tensions between their perspectives to provoke new ideas for social
and political change. Honneth sees modern society as a field in
which the logic of recognition provides individuals with increasing
possibilities for freedom and is a constant catalyst for
transformation. Ranciere sees the social as a policing order and
the political as a force that must radically assert equality.
Honneth claims Ranciere's conception of the political lies outside
of actual historical societies and involves a problematic desire
for egalitarianism. Ranciere argues that Honneth's theory of
recognition relies on an overly substantial conception of identity
and subjectivity. While impassioned, their exchange seeks to
advance critical theory's political project by reconciling the rift
between German and French post-Marxist traditions and proposing new
frameworks for justice.
The portentous terms and phrases associated with the first decades
of the Frankfurt School - exile, the dominance of capitalism,
fascism - seem as salient today as they were in the early twentieth
century. The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School addresses
the many early concerns of critical theory and brings those
concerns into direct engagement with our shared world today. In
this volume, a distinguished group of international scholars from a
variety of disciplines revisits the philosophical and political
contributions of Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Max
Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, Jurgen Habermas, Axel Honneth, and
others. Throughout, the Companion's focus is on the major ideas
that have made the Frankfurt School such a consequential and
enduring movement. It offers a crucial resource for those who are
trying to make sense of the global and cultural crisis that has now
seized our contemporary world.
Axel Honneth has been instrumental in advancing the work of the
Frankfurt School of critical theorists, rebuilding their effort to
combine radical social and political analysis with rigorous
philosophical inquiry. These eleven essays published over the past
five years reclaim the relevant themes of the Frankfurt School,
which counted Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin,
J?rgen Habermas, Franz Neumann, and Albrecht Wellmer as members.
They also engage with Kant, Freud, Alexander Mitscherlich, and
Michael Walzer, whose work on morality, history, democracy, and
individuality intersects with the Frankfurt School's core
concerns.
Collected here for the first time in English, Honneth's essays
pursue the unifying themes and theses that support the
methodologies and thematics of critical social theory, and they
address the possibilities of continuing this tradition through
radically changed theoretical and social conditions. According to
Honneth, there is a unity that underlies critical theory's multiple
approaches: the way in which reason is both distorted and furthered
in contemporary capitalist society. And while much is dead in the
social and psychological doctrines of critical social theory, its
central inquiries remain vitally relevant.
Is social progress still possible after the horrors of the
twentieth century? Does capitalism deform reason and, if so, in
what respects? Can we justify the relationship between law and
violence in secular terms, or is it inextricably bound to divine
justice? How can we be free when we're subject to socialization in
a highly complex and in many respects unfree society? For Honneth,
suffering and moral struggle are departure points for a new
"reconstructive" form of social criticism, one that is based
solidly in the empirically grounded, interdisciplinary approach of
the Frankfurt School.
The idea that we are mutually dependent on the recognition of our
peers is at least as old as modernity. Across Europe, this idea has
been understood in different ways from the very beginning,
according to each country's different cultural and political
conditions. This stimulating study explores the complex history and
multiple associations of the idea of 'Recognition' in Britain,
France and Germany. Demonstrating the role of 'recognition' in the
production of important political ideas, Axel Honneth explores how
our dependence on the recognition of others is sometimes viewed as
the source of all modern, egalitarian morality, sometimes as a
means for fostering socially beneficial behavior, and sometimes as
a threat to 'true' individuality. By exploring this fundamental
concept in our modern political and social self-understanding,
Honneth thus offers an alternative view of the philosophical
discourse of modernity.
Critical social theory has long been marked by a deep, creative,
and productive relationship with psychoanalysis. Whereas Freud and
Fromm were important cornerstones for the early Frankfurt School,
recent thinkers have drawn on the object-relations school of
psychoanalysis. Transitional Subjects is the first book-length
collection devoted to the engagement of critical theory with the
work of Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, and other members of this
school. Featuring contributions from some of the leading figures
working in both of these fields, including Axel Honneth, Joel
Whitebook, Noelle McAfee, Sara Beardsworth, and C. Fred Alford, it
provides a synoptic overview of current research at the
intersection of these two theoretical traditions while also opening
up space for further innovations. Transitional Subjects offers a
range of perspectives on the critical potential of object-relations
psychoanalysis, including feminist and Marxist views, to offer
valuable insight into such fraught social issues as aggression,
narcissism, "progress," and torture. The productive dialogue that
emerges augments our understanding of the self as intersubjectively
and socially constituted and of contemporary "social pathologies."
Transitional Subjects shows how critical theory and
object-relations psychoanalysis, considered together, have not only
enriched critical theory but also invigorated psychoanalysis.
This is a penetrating reinterpretation and defense of Hegel's
social theory as an alternative to reigning liberal notions of
social justice. The eminent German philosopher Axel Honneth rereads
Hegel's Philosophy of Right to show how it diagnoses the
pathologies of the overcommitment to individual freedom that
Honneth says underlies the ideas of Rawls and Habermas alike.
Honneth argues that Hegel's theory contains an account of the
psychological damage caused by placing too much emphasis on
personal and moral freedom. Although these freedoms are crucial to
the achievement of justice, they are insufficient and in themselves
leave people vulnerable to loneliness, emptiness, and depression.
Hegel argues that people must also find their freedom or
"self-realization" through shared projects. Such projects involve
the three institutions of ethical life--family, civil society, and
the state--and provide the arena of a crucial third kind of
freedom, which Honneth calls "communicative" freedom. A society is
just only if it gives all of its members sufficient and equal
opportunity to realize communicative freedom as well as personal
and moral freedom.
This is a penetrating reinterpretation and defense of Hegel's
social theory as an alternative to reigning liberal notions of
social justice. The eminent German philosopher Axel Honneth rereads
Hegel's "Philosophy of Right" to show how it diagnoses the
pathologies of the overcommitment to individual freedom that
Honneth says underlies the ideas of Rawls and Habermas alike.
Honneth argues that Hegel's theory contains an account of the
psychological damage caused by placing too much emphasis on
personal and moral freedom. Although these freedoms are crucial to
the achievement of justice, they are insufficient and in themselves
leave people vulnerable to loneliness, emptiness, and depression.
Hegel argues that people must also find their freedom or
"self-realization" through shared projects. Such projects involve
the three institutions of ethical life--family, civil society, and
the state--and provide the arena of a crucial third kind of
freedom, which Honneth calls "communicative" freedom. A society is
just only if it gives all of its members sufficient and equal
opportunity to realize communicative freedom as well as personal
and moral freedom.
In einem Brief nennt Adorno die "Negative Dialektik" kurz nach
ihrem Erscheinen unter seinen Schriften "das philosophische
Hauptwerk, wenn ich so sagen darf." Dieser herausgehobenen
Bedeutung, die das Werk fur Adorno hatte, entspricht nicht nur die
lange Zeit, die er mit der Abfassung des Buchs beschaftigt war,
sondern auch die lange Geschichte, die ihre zentralen Motive in
seinem Denken haben. Philosophische Begriffsklarung, die Arbeit an
"Begriff und Kategorien" einer negativen Dialektik, versteht Adorno
dabei als dialektischen Ubergang in inhaltliches Denken und so
betreibt er sie auch hier. Das hat Konsequenzen fur die Form des
kooperativen Kommentars, der in diesem Band versucht wird. Adornos
"Negative Dialektik" zu kommentieren, kann nur in dem Bewusstsein
der unuberbruckbaren Kluft gelingen, die den Kommentar von diesem
Text trennt."
Der Band bietet einen umfassenden, einfuhrenden Uberblick uber die
etwa 80 wichtigsten Texte der Kritischen Theorie. Auf diese Weise
gelingt eine verstandliche und fundierte Einfuhrung in die
Kritische Theorie. Beitragsautoren sind u.a. Sighard Neckel, Rolf
Wiggershaus, Werner Plumpe, Wolfgang Bonss und Martin Seel."
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