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This thesis addresses the intriguing topic of the quantum
tunnelling of many-body systems such as Bose-Einstein condensates.
Despite the enormous amount of work on the tunneling of a single
particle through a barrier, we know very little about how a
system made of several or of many particles tunnels through a
barrier to open space. The present work
uses numerically exact solutions of the time-dependent
many-boson Schrödinger equation to explore the rich physics of the
tunneling to open space process in ultracold bosonic particles that
are initially prepared as a Bose-Einstein condensate and
subsequently allowed to tunnel through a barrier to open space. The
many-body process is built up from concurrently occurring
single particle processes that are characterized by different
momenta. These momenta correspond to the chemical potentials of
systems with decreasing particle number. The many-boson process
exhibits exciting collective phenomena: the escaping
particles fragment and lose their coherence with the source
and among each other, whilst correlations build
up within the system. The detailed understanding of the
many-body process is used to devise and test a scheme to control
the final state, momentum distributions and even the correlation
dynamics of the tunneling process.
This thesis addresses the intriguing topic of the quantum
tunnelling of many-body systems such as Bose-Einstein condensates.
Despite the enormous amount of work on the tunneling of a single
particle through a barrier, we know very little about how a system
made of several or of many particles tunnels through a barrier to
open space. The present work uses numerically exact solutions of
the time-dependent many-boson Schroedinger equation to explore the
rich physics of the tunneling to open space process in ultracold
bosonic particles that are initially prepared as a Bose-Einstein
condensate and subsequently allowed to tunnel through a barrier to
open space. The many-body process is built up from concurrently
occurring single particle processes that are characterized by
different momenta. These momenta correspond to the chemical
potentials of systems with decreasing particle number. The
many-boson process exhibits exciting collective phenomena: the
escaping particles fragment and lose their coherence with the
source and among each other, whilst correlations build up within
the system. The detailed understanding of the many-body process is
used to devise and test a scheme to control the final state,
momentum distributions and even the correlation dynamics of the
tunneling process.
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